问题
I'm trying to get a result set (which will be inserted into a table) that has multiple repeating groups. Here's a script that shows a very simplified version of the data I'm starting out with:
CREATE TABLE #Aggregate(
StoreKey int ,
NumberOfDaysBack int ,
ThisYearGrossTransactions int ,
ThisYearGrossPrice money ,
LastYearGrossTransactions int ,
LastYearGrossPrice money
)
GO
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10134, 7, 198, 71324.3600, 248, 95889.6089)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10131, 7, 9, 1299.8300, 3, 662.5700)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10132, 7, 57, 11029.5300, 56, 6848.3800)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10130, 7, 6, 429.3100, 15, 1606.1100)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10134, 28, 815, 339315.9265, 822, 342834.2365)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10131, 28, 29, 5725.4900, 8, 1938.4100)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10132, 28, 262, 42892.5476, 269, 37229.2600)
INSERT #Aggregate VALUES (10130, 28, 62, 6427.7072, 93, 13428.0000)
And then I'd like to show separate sets of data for each set of NumberOfDaysBack, like this:
StoreKey ThisYearLast7GrossTransactions ThisYearLast7GrossPrice LastYearLast7GrossTransactions LastYearLast7GrossPrice ThisYearLast28GrossTransactions ThisYearLast28GrossPrice LastYearLast28GrossTransactions LastYearLast28GrossPrice
----------- ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------------- ------------------------
10130 6 429.31 15 1606.11 62 6427.7072 93 13428.00
10131 9 1299.83 3 662.57 29 5725.49 8 1938.41
10132 57 11029.53 56 6848.38 262 42892.5476 269 37229.26
10134 198 71324.36 248 95889.6089 815 339315.9265 822 342834.2365
I was able to get the above result set with this query.
-- (using this Common Table expression as a shortcut, there's actually a dimention table
;with Store as (select distinct StoreKey from #Aggregate)
Select
Store.StoreKey
,ThisYearLast7GrossTransactions = DaysBack7.ThisYearGrossTransactions
,ThisYearLast7GrossPrice = DaysBack7.ThisYearGrossPrice
,LastYearLast7GrossTransactions = DaysBack7.LastYearGrossTransactions
,LastYearLast7GrossPrice = DaysBack7.LastYearGrossPrice
,ThisYearLast28GrossTransactions = DaysBack28.ThisYearGrossTransactions
,ThisYearLast28GrossPrice = DaysBack28.ThisYearGrossPrice
,LastYearLast28GrossTransactions = DaysBack28.LastYearGrossTransactions
,LastYearLast28GrossPrice = DaysBack28.LastYearGrossPrice
from Store
join #Aggregate DaysBack7
on Store .StoreKey = DaysBack7.StoreKey
and DaysBack7 .NumberOfDaysBack = 7
join #Aggregate DaysBack28
on Store .StoreKey = DaysBack28.StoreKey
and DaysBack28 .NumberOfDaysBack = 28
order by Store.StoreKey
However, since my actual data set is far more complicated, with many more NumberOfDaysBack and many more metrics that may change, I'd like to be able to do this with a pivot statement, without needing to explicitly name each field.
Is this possible? Thanks for any ideas!
回答1:
You can get the result that you want using both UNPIVOT and PIVOT:
select *
from
(
select storekey,
value, col +'Last'+ cast(numberofdaysback as varchar(20)) + 'Days' new_col
from
(
select storekey,
numberofdaysback,
cast(ThisYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossTransactions,
cast(ThisYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossPrice,
cast(LastYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossTransactions,
cast(LastYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossPrice
from aggregate
) un
unpivot
(
value
for col in (ThisYearGrossTransactions, ThisYearGrossPrice,
LastYearGrossTransactions, LastYearGrossPrice)
) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
sum(value)
for new_col in ([ThisYearGrossTransactionsLast7Days], [ThisYearGrossPriceLast7Days],
[LastYearGrossTransactionsLast7Days], [LastYearGrossPriceLast7Days],
[ThisYearGrossTransactionsLast28Days], [ThisYearGrossPriceLast28Days],
[LastYearGrossTransactionsLast28Days], [LastYearGrossPriceLast28Days])
) piv;
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
The UNPIVOT takes the column values in ThisYearGrossTransactions, ThisYearGrossPrice,
LastYearGrossTransactions and LastYearGrossPrice and converts them into a single column with multiple rows.
select storekey,
value, col +'Last'+ cast(numberofdaysback as varchar(20)) + 'Days' new_col
from
(
select storekey,
numberofdaysback,
cast(ThisYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossTransactions,
cast(ThisYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossPrice,
cast(LastYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossTransactions,
cast(LastYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossPrice
from aggregate
) un
unpivot
(
value
for col in (ThisYearGrossTransactions, ThisYearGrossPrice,
LastYearGrossTransactions, LastYearGrossPrice)
) unpiv
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
A requirement of the UNPIVOT is that all of the datatypes must be the same so you need to apply either cast or convert to any values. Then to PIVOT the data, I created the new column names by adding the numberofdaysback to each record. THese are the values that are used in the PIVOT portion of the query.
The final result is:
| STOREKEY | THISYEARGROSSTRANSACTIONSLAST7DAYS | THISYEARGROSSPRICELAST7DAYS | LASTYEARGROSSTRANSACTIONSLAST7DAYS | LASTYEARGROSSPRICELAST7DAYS | THISYEARGROSSTRANSACTIONSLAST28DAYS | THISYEARGROSSPRICELAST28DAYS | LASTYEARGROSSTRANSACTIONSLAST28DAYS | LASTYEARGROSSPRICELAST28DAYS |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 10130 | 6 | 429.31 | 15 | 1606.11 | 62 | 6427.7072 | 93 | 13428 |
| 10131 | 9 | 1299.83 | 3 | 662.57 | 29 | 5725.49 | 8 | 1938.41 |
| 10132 | 57 | 11029.53 | 56 | 6848.38 | 262 | 42892.5476 | 269 | 37229.26 |
| 10134 | 198 | 71324.36 | 248 | 95889.6089 | 815 | 339315.9265 | 822 | 342834.2365 |
The static version above works great if you have a known number of values for NumberOfDaysBack but if you have an unknown number of many values, then you can use a dynamic version of this:
DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@colsPivot as NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
from sys.columns as C
where C.object_id = object_id('Aggregate') and
C.name not in ('StoreKey', 'NumberOfDaysBack')
for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')
select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT ','
+ quotename(c.name +'Last'
+ cast(a.NumberOfDaysBack as varchar(10)) +'Days')
from Aggregate a
cross apply sys.columns C
where C.object_id = object_id('Aggregate') and
C.name not in ('StoreKey', 'NumberOfDaysBack')
group by c.name, a.NumberOfDaysBack
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query
= 'select *
from
(
select storekey,
value, col +''Last''+ cast(numberofdaysback as varchar(20)) + ''Days'' new_col
from
(
select storekey,
numberofdaysback,
cast(ThisYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossTransactions,
cast(ThisYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) ThisYearGrossPrice,
cast(LastYearGrossTransactions as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossTransactions,
cast(LastYearGrossPrice as decimal(20,5)) LastYearGrossPrice
from aggregate
) x
unpivot
(
value
for col in ('+ @colsunpivot +')
) u
) x1
pivot
(
sum(value)
for new_col in ('+ @colspivot +')
) p'
exec(@query)
See SQL Fiddle with Demo
The result will be the same with both queries.
回答2:
The result what you would like to achive, could be something like this useing PIVOT:
SELECT StoreKey,
[1] AS ThisYearGrossTransactionsFor7Days,
[2] AS ThisYearGrossPriceFor7Days,
[3] AS LastYearGrossTransactionsFor7Days,
[4] AS LastYearGrossPriceFor7Days,
[5] AS ThisYearGrossTransactionsFor28Days,
[6] AS ThisYearGrossPriceFor28Days,
[7] AS LastYearGrossTransactionsFor28Days,
[8] AS LastYearGrossPriceFor28Days
FROM
(SELECT StoreKey,ThisYearGrossTransactions AS Value, 1 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 7
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,ThisYearGrossPrice AS Value, 2 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 7
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,LastYearGrossTransactions AS Value, 3 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 7
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,LastYearGrossPrice AS Value, 4 AS TypeOfAggreagate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 7
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,ThisYearGrossTransactions AS Value, 5 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 28
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,ThisYearGrossPrice AS Value, 6 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 28
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,LastYearGrossTransactions AS Value, 7 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 28
UNION ALL
SELECT StoreKey,LastYearGrossPrice AS Value, 8 AS TypeOfAggregate
FROM #Aggregate WHERE NumberOfDaysBack = 28) p
PIVOT(
SUM(Value)
FOR TypeOfAggregate IN ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8])
) AS pvt
ORDER BY StoreKey
For this, as you can see, still need to transform the #Aggregate to a different format, and "type" the values (TypeOfAggregate).
BUT for this, you can write a Dynamic PIVOT. Here is a thread about it on StackOwerflow
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13454132/pivot-query-to-return-multiple-repeating-groups