Windows Special and Known Folders from python (Start Menu, Downloads, …)

问题

What is the best method to determine the path of Windows special-folders and known-folders in python?

I've uncovered a couple of popular methods for SpecialFolders, a.k.a CSIDL, but nothing straightforward yet for KNOWNFOLDERID. Backwards compatibility is maintained, so the CSIDL methods still work, but any special/known folders introduced since Windows XP are not enumerated there. Examples of the "new" unavailable ones include Downloads, Playlists, Program Files x64.

Special Folders

Find system folder locations in Python - simplest CSIDL method, relies on win32com, good for AllUsersDesktop, AllUsersStartMenu, AllUsersPrograms, AllUsersStartup, Desktop, Favorites, Fonts, MyDocuments, NetHood, PrintHood, Recent, SendTo, StartMenu, Startup & Templates (list probably incomplete).
How to get path of Start Menu's Programs directory? - has same approach as above, as well as method using ctypes directly, so win32com not needed (not as clear or straightforward)

Known Folders

Both in one

回答1:

You solve this problem the same way as that one: First you find the documentation and ideally some nice sample code in C++, C#, or VB, then you figure out how to use PyWin32 to make the same shell API or IKnownFolder COM calls from Python.

As the MSDN overview documentation on Known Folders says, you can use the new shell wrapper function SHGetKnownFolderPath instead of the old SHFolderPath or SHGetFolderPath, or you can use the complete IKnownFolderManager interface via COM.

Unfortunately, I don't have a Windows machine in front of me, and MSDN's sample downloads are not responding, so I'm going to have to do a bit of guessing. But it may be something like this:

from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
path = shell.SHGetKnownFolderPath(shellcon.FOLDERID_AccountPictures,
                                  0, # see KNOWN_FOLDER_FLAG
                                  0) # current user

If shellcon doesn't have the FOLDERID values, you'll have to look them up on the KNOWNFOLDERID and define the constants you need yourself.

If shell doesn't have the SHGetKnownFolderPath function, you'll have to instantiate an IKnownFolderManager and call GetFolderByName.

If shell doesn't even have IKnownFolderManager… but a quick Google shows it was added in build 218, so that's not going to be an issue.

If you'd rather do it via ctypes than win32com, it would look something like this (again, untested because I don't have a Windows box and MSDN's server is broken):

from ctypes import windll, wintypes
from ctypes import *
from uuid import UUID

# ctypes GUID copied from MSDN sample code
class GUID(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("Data1", wintypes.DWORD),
        ("Data2", wintypes.WORD),
        ("Data3", wintypes.WORD),
        ("Data4", wintypes.BYTE * 8)
    ] 

    def __init__(self, uuidstr):
        uuid = UUID(uuidstr)
        Structure.__init__(self)
        self.Data1, self.Data2, self.Data3, self.Data4[0], self.Data4[1], rest = uuid.fields
        for i in range(2, 8):
            self.Data4[i] = rest>>(8-i-1)*8 & 0xff

FOLDERID_AccountPictures = '{008ca0b1-55b4-4c56-b8a8-4de4b299d3be}'

SHGetKnownFolderPath = windll.shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
SHGetKnownFolderPath.argtypes = [
    POINTER(GUID), wintypes.DWORD, wintypes.HANDLE, POINTER(c_char_p)]

def get_known_folder_path(uuidstr):
    pathptr = c_wchar_p()
    guid = GUID(uuidstr)
    if SHGetKnownFolderPath(byref(guid), 0, 0, byref(pathptr)):
        raise Exception('Whatever you want here...')
    return pathptr.value

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29888071/windows-special-and-known-folders-from-python-start-menu-downloads

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python

special-folders

known-folders