HDFStore: table.select and RAM usage

问题

I am trying to select random rows from a HDFStore table of about 1 GB. RAM usage explodes when I ask for about 50 random rows.

I am using pandas 0-11-dev, python 2.7, linux64.

In this first case the RAM usage fits the size of chunk

with pd.get_store("train.h5",'r') as train:
for chunk in train.select('train',chunksize=50):
    pass

In this second case, it seems like the whole table is loaded into RAM

r=random.choice(400000,size=40,replace=False)
train.select('train',pd.Term("index",r))

In this last case, RAM usage fits the equivalent chunk size

r=random.choice(400000,size=30,replace=False)    
train.select('train',pd.Term("index",r))

I am puzzled, why moving from 30 to 40 random rows induces such a dramatic increase in RAM usage.

Note the table has been indexed when created such that index=range(nrows(table)) using the following code:

def txtfile2hdfstore(infile, storefile, table_name, sep="\t", header=0, chunksize=50000 ):
    max_len, dtypes0 = txtfile2dtypes(infile, sep, header, chunksize)

    with pd.get_store( storefile,'w') as store:
        for i, chunk in enumerate(pd.read_table(infile,header=header,sep=sep,chunksize=chunksize, dtype=dict(dtypes0))):
            chunk.index= range( chunksize*(i), chunksize*(i+1))[:chunk.shape[0]]
            store.append(table_name,chunk, min_itemsize={'values':max_len})

Thanks for insight

EDIT TO ANSWER Zelazny7

Here's the file I used to write Train.csv to train.h5. I wrote this using elements of Zelazny7's code from How to trouble-shoot HDFStore Exception: cannot find the correct atom type

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer


def object_max_len(x):
    if x.dtype != 'object':
        return
    else:
        return len(max(x.fillna(''), key=lambda x: len(str(x))))

def txtfile2dtypes(infile, sep="\t", header=0, chunksize=50000 ):
    max_len = pd.read_table(infile,header=header, sep=sep,nrows=5).apply( object_max_len).max()
    dtypes0 = pd.read_table(infile,header=header, sep=sep,nrows=5).dtypes

    for chunk in pd.read_table(infile,header=header, sep=sep, chunksize=chunksize):
        max_len = max((pd.DataFrame(chunk.apply( object_max_len)).max(),max_len))
        for i,k in enumerate(zip( dtypes0[:], chunk.dtypes)):
            if (k[0] != k[1]) and (k[1] == 'object'):
                dtypes0[i] = k[1]
    #as of pandas-0.11 nan requires a float64 dtype
    dtypes0.values[dtypes0 == np.int64] = np.dtype('float64')
    return max_len, dtypes0


def txtfile2hdfstore(infile, storefile, table_name, sep="\t", header=0, chunksize=50000 ):
    max_len, dtypes0 = txtfile2dtypes(infile, sep, header, chunksize)

    with pd.get_store( storefile,'w') as store:
        for i, chunk in enumerate(pd.read_table(infile,header=header,sep=sep,chunksize=chunksize, dtype=dict(dtypes0))):
            chunk.index= range( chunksize*(i), chunksize*(i+1))[:chunk.shape[0]]
            store.append(table_name,chunk, min_itemsize={'values':max_len})

Applied as

txtfile2hdfstore('Train.csv','train.h5','train',sep=',')

回答1:

This is a known issue, see the reference here: https://github.com/pydata/pandas/pull/2755

Essentially the query is turned into a numexpr expression for evaluation. There is an issue where I can't pass a lot of or conditions to numexpr (its dependent on the total length of the generated expression).

So I just limit the expression that we pass to numexpr. If it exceeds a certain number of or conditions, then the query is done as a filter, rather than an in-kernel selection. Basically this means the table is read and then reindexed.

This is on my enhancements list: https://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/2391 (17).

As a workaround, just split your queries up into multiple ones and concat the results. Should be much faster, and use a constant amount of memory

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15895837/hdfstore-table-select-and-ram-usage

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