问题
How do I parse a float from a string that may contain left-over characters, and figure out where it ends, without doing manual parsing (e.g. parseFloat() in JS)?
An example would be the string "2e-1!". I want to evaluate the next float from the string such that I can split this string into "2e-1" and "!" (for example, if I wanted to implement a calculator.) How would I do this without writing a parser to see where the float ends, taking that as an &str, and then using .parse()?
I am aware that this means that I may have to parse nonstandard things such as "3e+1+e3" to 3e+1 (30) and "+e3". This is intended; I do not know all of the ways to format floating point numbers, especially the ones valid to Rust's parse::<f64>(), but I want to handle them regardless.
How can I do this, preferably without external libraries?
回答1:
As mentioned in the comments, you need to either implement your own floating-point parser or use an external library. The parser in the standard library always errors out when it encounters additional junk in the input string – it doesn't even allow leading or trailing whitespace.
A good external crate to use is nom. It comes with an integrated parser for floating-point numbers that meets your requirements. Examples:
use nom::number::complete::double;
let parser = double::<_, ()>;
assert_eq!(parser("2.0 abc"), Ok((" abc", 2.0)));
let result = parser("Nanananananana hey, Jude!").unwrap();
assert_eq!(result.0, "ananananana hey, Jude!");
assert!(result.1.is_nan());
The parser expects the floating-point number at the very beginning of the string. If you want to allow leading whitespace, you can remove it first using trim_start().
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64465527/how-do-i-parse-a-float-from-a-string-that-might-contain-left-over-characters-wit