问题
What would be the CSS conditional statement you can use to include specific CSS for IE, Mozilla, Chrome.
If IE
#container { top: 5px; }
If Mozilla
#container { top: 7px; }
If Chrome
#container { top: 9px; }
What would be the respective 'If's' ?
回答1:
For that
- You can scan user Agent and find out which browser, its version. Including the OS for OS specific styles
- You can use various CSS Hacks for specific browser
- Or Scripts or Plugins to indentify the browser and apply various classes to the elements
Using PHP
See
- http://php.net/manual/en/function.get-browser.php
- http://techpatterns.com/downloads/php-browser-detection-basic.php
- http://techpatterns.com/downloads/php_browser_detection.php (contains JS also)
Then then create the dynamic CSS file as per the detected browser
Here is a CSS Hacks list
/***** Selector Hacks ******/
/* IE6 and below */
* html #uno { color: red }
/* IE7 */
*:first-child+html #dos { color: red }
/* IE7, FF, Saf, Opera */
html>body #tres { color: red }
/* IE8, FF, Saf, Opera (Everything but IE 6,7) */
html>/**/body #cuatro { color: red }
/* Opera 9.27 and below, safari 2 */
html:first-child #cinco { color: red }
/* Safari 2-3 */
html[xmlns*=""] body:last-child #seis { color: red }
/* safari 3+, chrome 1+, opera9+, ff 3.5+ */
body:nth-of-type(1) #siete { color: red }
/* safari 3+, chrome 1+, opera9+, ff 3.5+ */
body:first-of-type #ocho { color: red }
/* saf3+, chrome1+ */
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) {
#diez { color: red }
}
/* iPhone / mobile webkit */
@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
#veintiseis { color: red }
}
/* Safari 2 - 3.1 */
html[xmlns*=""]:root #trece { color: red }
/* Safari 2 - 3.1, Opera 9.25 */
*|html[xmlns*=""] #catorce { color: red }
/* Everything but IE6-8 */
:root *> #quince { color: red }
/* IE7 */
*+html #dieciocho { color: red }
/* Firefox only. 1+ */
#veinticuatro, x:-moz-any-link { color: red }
/* Firefox 3.0+ */
#veinticinco, x:-moz-any-link, x:default { color: red }
/***** Attribute Hacks ******/
/* IE6 */
#once { _color: blue }
/* IE6, IE7 */
#doce { *color: blue; /* or #color: blue */ }
/* Everything but IE6 */
#diecisiete { color/**/: blue }
/* IE6, IE7, IE8 */
#diecinueve { color: blue\9; }
/* IE7, IE8 */
#veinte { color/*\**/: blue\9; }
/* IE6, IE7 -- acts as an !important */
#veintesiete { color: blue !ie; } /* string after ! can be anything */
Source: http://paulirish.com/2009/browser-specific-css-hacks/
If you want to use Plugin then here is one
http://rafael.adm.br/css_browser_selector/
回答2:
You could use php to echo the browser name as a body class, e.g.
<body class="mozilla">
Then, your conditional CSS would look like
.ie #container { top: 5px;}
.mozilla #container { top: 5px;}
.chrome #container { top: 5px;}
回答3:
For clean code, you might make use of the javascript file here: http://rafael.adm.br/css_browser_selector/ By including the line:
<script src="css_browser_selector.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
You can write subsequent css with the following simple pattern:
.ie7 [thing] {
background-color: orange
}
.chrome [thing] {
background-color: gray
}
回答4:
Since you also have PHP in the tag, I'm going to suggest some server side options.
The easiest solution is the one most people suggest here. The problem I generally have with this, is that it can causes your CSS files or <style> tags to be up to 20 times bigger than your html documents and can cause browser slowdowns for parsing and processing tags that it can't understand -moz-border-radius vs -webkit-border-radius
The second best solution(i've found) is to have php output your actual css file i.e.
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mycss.php">
where
<?php
header("Content-Type: text/css");
if( preg_match("/chrome/", $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) ) {
// output chrome specific css style
} else {
// output default css style
}
?>
This allows you to create smaller easier to process files for the browser.
The best method I've found, is specific to Apache though. The method is to use mod_rewrite or mod_perl's PerlMapToStorageHandler to remap the URL to a file on the system based on the rendering engine.
say your website is http://www.myexample.com/ and it points to /srv/www/html. For chrome, if you ask for main.css, instead of loading /srv/www/html/main.css it checks to see if there is a /srv/www/html/main.webkit.css and if it exists, it dump that, else it'll output the main.css. For IE, it tries main.trident.css, for firefox it tries main.gecko.css. Like above, it allows me to create smaller, more targeted, css files, but it also allows me to use caching better, as the browser will attempt to redownload the file, and the web server will present the browser with proper 304's to tell it, you don't need to redownload it. It also allows my web developers a bit more freedom without for them having to write backend code to target platforms. I also have .js files being redirected to javascript engines as well, for main.js, in chrome it tries main.v8.js, in safari, main.nitro.js, in firefox, main.gecko.js. This allows for outputting of specific javascript that will be faster(less browser testing code/feature testing). Granted the developers don't have to target specific and can write a main.js and not make main.<js engine>.js and it'll load that normally. i.e. having a main.js and a main.jscript.js file means that IE gets the jscript one, and everyone else gets the default js, same with the css files.
回答5:
Paul Irish's approach to IE specific CSS is the most elegant I've seen. It uses conditional statements to add classes to the HTML element, which can then be used to apply appropriate IE version specific CSS without resorting to hacks. The CSS validates, and it will continue to work down the line for future browser versions.
The full details of the approach can be seen on his site.
This doesn't cover browser specific hacks for Mozilla and Chrome... but I don't really find I need those anyway.
回答6:
you can use this code in your css file:
-webkit-top:9px;
-moz-top:7px;
top:5px;
the code -webkit-top:9px; is for chrome, -moz-top:7px is for mozilla and the last one is for IE. Have Fun!!!
回答7:
use agent detector and then with your web language create program to create css
for example in python
csscreator()
useragent = detector()
if useragent == "Firefox":
css = "your css"
...
return css
回答8:
Check out this link : http://webdesignerwall.com/tutorials/css-specific-for-internet-explorer
2 CSS Rules Specific to Explorer (IE CSS hacks)
Another option is to declare CSS rules that can only be read by Explorer. For example, add an asterisk (*) before the CSS property will target IE7 or add an underscore before the property will target IE6. However, this method is not recommended because they are not valid CSS syntax.
IE8 or below: to write CSS rules specificially to IE8 or below, add a backslash and 9 (\9) at the end before the semicolon. IE7 or below: add an asterisk (*) before the CSS property. IE6: add an underscore (_) before the property. .box {
background: gray; /* standard */
background: pink\9; /* IE 8 and below */
*background: green; /* IE 7 and below */
_background: blue; /* IE 6 */
}
回答9:
Place your css in the following script and paste it into your CSS file.
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) { your complete css style }
For example: @media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) { container { margin-top: 120px;} }
Works like a charm.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4332117/how-to-write-specific-css-for-mozilla-chrome-and-ie