Can you Instantiate an Object Instance from JSON in .NET?

问题

Since Object Initializers are very similar to JSON, and now there are Anonymous Types in .NET. It would be cool to be able to take a string, such as JSON, and create an Anonymous Object that represents the JSON string.

Use Object Initializers to create an Anonymous Type:

var person = new {
    FirstName = "Chris",
    LastName = "Johnson"
};

It would be awesome if you could pass in a string representation of the Object Initializer code (preferably something like JSON) to create an instance of an Anonymous Type with that data.

I don't know if it's possible, since C# isn't dynamic, and the compiler actually converts the Object Initializer and Anonymous Type into strongly typed code that can run. This is explained in this article.

Maybe functionality to take JSON and create a key/value Dictionary with it would work best.

I know you can serialize/deserializer an object to JSON in .NET, but what I'm look for is a way to create an object that is essentially loosely typed, similarly to how JavaScript works.

Does anyone know the best solution for doing this in .NET?

UPDATE: Too clarify the context of why I'm asking this... I was thinking of how C# could better support JSON at the language level (possibly) and I was trying to think of ways that it could be done today, for conceptual reasons. So, I thought I'd post it here to start a discussion.

回答1:

There are languages for .NET that have duck-typing but it's not possible with C# using Dot.Notation since C# requires that all member references are resolved at compile time. If you want to use the Dot.Notation, you still have to define a class somewhere with the required properties, and use whatever method you want to instantiate the class from the JSON data. Pre-defining a class does have benefits like strong typing, IDE support including intellisense, and not worrying about spelling mistakes. You can still use anonymous types:

 T deserialize<T>(string jsonStr, T obj) { /* ... */}

 var jsonString = "{FirstName='Chris', LastName='Johnson, Other='unused'}";
 var person     = deserialize(jsonString, new {FirstName="",LastName=""});
 var x          = person.FirstName; //strongly-typed

回答2:

You should check out the JSON.net project:

http://james.newtonking.com/pages/json-net.aspx

You are basically talking about the ability to hydrate an object from JSON, which this will do. It won't do the anonymous types, but maybe it will get you close enough.

回答3:

I wrote a relatively short method that will Parse JSON and return a name/value Dictionary that can be accessed similarly to the actual object in JavaScript.

Here's a sample usage of the below method:

var obj = ParseJsonToDictionary("{FirstName: \"Chris\", \"Address\":{Street:\"My Street\",Number:123}}");

// Access the Address.Number value
object streetNumber = ((Dictionary<string, object>)obj["Address"])["Number"];

And, here's the code for the ParseJsonToDictionary method:

public static Dictionary<string, object> ParseJsonToDictionary(string json)
{
    var d = new Dictionary<string, object>();

    if (json.StartsWith("{"))
    {
        json = json.Remove(0, 1);
        if (json.EndsWith("}"))
            json = json.Substring(0, json.Length - 1);
    }
    json.Trim();

    // Parse out Object Properties from JSON
    while (json.Length > 0)
    {
        var beginProp = json.Substring(0, json.IndexOf(':'));
        json = json.Substring(beginProp.Length);

        var indexOfComma = json.IndexOf(',');
        string endProp;
        if (indexOfComma > -1)
        {
            endProp = json.Substring(0, indexOfComma);
            json = json.Substring(endProp.Length);
        }
        else
        {
            endProp = json;
            json = string.Empty;
        }

        var curlyIndex = endProp.IndexOf('{');
        if (curlyIndex > -1)
        {
            var curlyCount = 1;
            while (endProp.Substring(curlyIndex + 1).IndexOf("{") > -1)
            {
                curlyCount++;
                curlyIndex = endProp.Substring(curlyIndex + 1).IndexOf("{");
            }
            while (curlyCount > 0)
            {
                endProp += json.Substring(0, json.IndexOf('}') + 1);
                json = json.Remove(0, json.IndexOf('}') + 1);
                curlyCount--;
            }
        }

        json = json.Trim();
        if (json.StartsWith(","))
            json = json.Remove(0, 1);
        json.Trim();


        // Individual Property (Name/Value Pair) Is Isolated
        var s = (beginProp + endProp).Trim();


        // Now parse the name/value pair out and put into Dictionary
        var name = s.Substring(0, s.IndexOf(":")).Trim();
        var value = s.Substring(name.Length + 1).Trim();

        if (name.StartsWith("\"") && name.EndsWith("\""))
        {
            name = name.Substring(1, name.Length - 2);
        }

        double valueNumberCheck;
        if (value.StartsWith("\"") && value.StartsWith("\""))
        {
            // String Value
            d.Add(name, value.Substring(1, value.Length - 2));
        }
        else if (value.StartsWith("{") && value.EndsWith("}"))
        {
            // JSON Value
            d.Add(name, ParseJsonToDictionary(value));
        }
        else if (double.TryParse(value, out valueNumberCheck))
        {
            // Numeric Value
            d.Add(name, valueNumberCheck);
        }
        else
            d.Add(name, value);
    }

    return d;
}

I know this method may be a little rough, and it could probably be optimized quite a bit, but it's the first draft and it just works.

Also, before you complain about it not using regular expressions, keep in mind that not everyone really understands regular expressions, and writing it that way would make in more difficult for others to fix if needed. Also, I currently don't know regular expression too well, and string parsing was just easier.

回答4:

You can't return an anonymous type from a method**, so a "rehydrated" anonymous type's existence would be limited to the method in which it is rehydrated. Kind of pointless.

** You can return it as an object (which requires reflection to access its properties--yeech) or you can "cast it by example", which is pointless as well, since it takes extra steps and it means you already KNOW what the object's type should look like, so why not just create an object and fill it up in the first place?

回答5:

What is the application for this?

I would not go down this road for a few reasons.

First; it may require a lot of support code using reflection and such to create the transparent method that you are talking about.
Second, like you said, C# is a strongly typed language and things like these were left out of the language specification for a reason.
Third, the overhead for doing this would not be worth it. Remember that web pages (especially AJAX queries) should be really fast or it defeats the purpose. If you go ahead and spend 50% serializing your objects between C# and Javascript then you have a problem.

My solution would be to create a class that just encapsulates a dictionary and that takes a JSON string as a ctor argument. Then just extend that class for each type of JSON query you want to handle. This will be a strongly typed and faster solution but still maintain extensibility and ease of use. The downside is that there is more code to write per type of JSON request.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/199718/can-you-instantiate-an-object-instance-from-json-in-net

标签

javascript

json

anonymous-types

object-initializers