Can an lvalue reference non-type template parameter be inferred?

问题

I have the following code, which I cannot get to work:

struct foo {};
foo foo1 = {};

template <foo& F>
class FooClass {};

template <foo& F>
void foobar(FooClass<F> arg) {
}

int main() {
    FooClass<foo1> f;
    foobar(f);
}

The error is:

main.cpp:14:5: error: no matching function for call to 'foobar'

note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure : deduced non-type template argument does not have the same type as the its corresponding template parameter ('foo' vs 'foo &')

Is it at all possible to infer lvalue reference template parameters? If so, how should it be done?

回答1:

This is precisely covered by CWG 2091:

According to 14.8.2.5 [temp.deduct.type] paragraph 17,

If P has a form that contains <i>, and if the type of the corresponding value of A differs from the type of i, deduction fails.

This gives the wrong result for an example like:

template<int &> struct X;
template<int &N> void f(X<N>&);
int n;
void g(X<n> &x) { f(x); }

Here, P is X<N>, which contains <i>. The type of i is int&. The corresponding value from A is n, which is a glvalue of type int. Presumably this should be valid.

I think this rule means to say something like,

If P has a form that contains <i>, and the type of i differs from the type of the corresponding template parameter of the template named by the enclosing simple-template-id, deduction fails.

As noted by @dyp, [temp.deduct.type]/17 should be more permissive. In your example, the argument in FooClass<F> (F) does not have reference type - it's an lvalue of type foo. The template parameter of FooClass is a reference. The DR was resolved last year.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35139955/can-an-lvalue-reference-non-type-template-parameter-be-inferred