数组模板类-MyVector

实现非常简单的数组模板类（MyVector）中用到了泛型编程（模板类编程）、运算符重载、友元函数等知识，最重要的是加深了对内存分配的理解。

所有容器提供的都是值（value）语意，而非引用（reference）语意。容器执行插入元素的操作时，内部实施拷贝动作。所以STL容器内存储的元素必须能够被拷贝（必须提供拷贝构造函数）。

开始的时候不理解这句话，然后自己敲代码就理解了。我们在往容器里存数据的时候，是进行拷贝动作，也就是说将外部变量的值拷贝给容器中的值。要进行拷贝就必须分配内存，没有分配内存的话往哪拷数据呢？？？？而基础数据类型的变量是不用担心这些问题的，因为当我们写下int a时编译器已经为a分配了内存，但是如果是指针变量就必须考虑深拷贝与浅拷贝的问题（其实这个地方第一次的时候我想的是，MyVector不是已经分配了内存了吗，为什么还要分配呢？其实在MyVector中是给类分配了内存说白了就是给类中的成员变量分配了内存，而成员变量若有指针的话，它只是为指针分配了内存，而我们所需要的是分配指针所指向的内存空间分配内存）。

MyVector.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename Type>
class MyVector
{
	friend ostream& operator<< <Type> (ostream &out, const MyVector &obj);
	//在泛型编程当中，类模板中避免使用友元函数，除了重载 "<<" ">>" 左移右移运输算符，其他的函数都写成成	//员函数
public:
	MyVector(int len);
	MyVector(const MyVector &obj);
	~MyVector();
public:
	MyVector& operator=(const MyVector &obj);
	Type& operator[](int index);
private:
	Type *mSpace;
	int len;
};

MyVector.cpp

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include"MyVector.h"
template <typename Type>
MyVector<Type>::MyVector(int len)
{
	this->len = len;
	mSpace = new Type[len];
}
template <typename Type>
MyVector<Type>::MyVector(const MyVector &obj)
{
	this->len = obj.len;
	mSpace = new Type[len];
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		mSpace[i] = obj.mSpace[i];
	}
}
template <typename Type>
MyVector<Type>::~MyVector()
{
	if (mSpace != NULL)
	{
		delete[] mSpace;
		mSpace = NULL;
		len = 0;
	}
}
template <typename Type>
MyVector<Type>& MyVector<Type>::operator=(const MyVector<Type> &obj)
{
	if (mSpace != NULL)
	{
		delete[] mSpace;
		mSpace = NULL;
		len = 0;
	}
	this->len = obj.len;
	mSpace = new Type[len];
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		mSpace[i] = obj.mSpace[i];
	}
	return *this;
}
template <typename Type>
Type& MyVector<Type>::operator[](int index)
{
	return mSpace[index];
}
template <typename Type>
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const MyVector<Type> &obj)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < obj.len; i++)
	{
		cout << obj.mSpace[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
	return out;
}

main.cpp

测试int型

int main()
{
	MyVector<int> arr1(10);
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		arr1[i] = i + 1;
	}
	cout << arr1 << endl;
	MyVector<int> arr2 = arr1;
	cout << arr2 << endl;
	return 0;
}

测试char 型

int main02()
{
	MyVector<char> str1(10);
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		str1[i] = 'a' + i;
	}
	cout << str1 << endl;
	MyVector<char> str2 = str1;
	cout << str2 << endl;
	return 0;
}

测试Teacher类

//Teacher类中名字是字符数组，即在栈上分配内存。
class Teacher
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Teacher &obj);
public:
	Teacher()
	{
		age = 0;
		strcpy(name, "");
	}
	Teacher(const char *name,int age)
	{
		strcpy(this->name, name);
		this->age = age;
	}
	void printT()
	{
		cout << "name:" << name << " age:" << age << endl;
	}
	//栈上分配的内存还用我去释放？ 我傻了 -_-
	//~Teacher()
	//{
	//	if (name != NULL)
	//	{
	//		delete name;
	//		name = NULL;
	//		age = 0;
	//	}
	//}
private:
	char name[16];
	char *name;
	int age;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Teacher &obj)
{
	out << obj.name << " " << obj.age << endl;
	return out;
}
//Teacher中名字是一个指针，即需要我们手动分配内存否则会出现程序宕掉的情况。
class Teacher
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Teacher &obj)
	{
		out << "name:" << obj.name << " age:" << obj.age << endl;
		return out;
	}
public:
	//这样的话可以不写无参构造函数吗 经测试可以 那还要无参构造函数干嘛呢？？？
	Teacher(const char *name = "", int age = 0)
	{
		//这个地方要吗？
		this->age = age;
		this->name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];//还有\0
		strcpy(this->name, name);
	}
	Teacher(const Teacher &obj)
	{
		this->age = obj.age;
		name = new char[strlen(obj.name) + 1];
		strcpy(name, obj.name);
	}
	~Teacher()
	{
		if (name != NULL)
		{
			delete[] name;
			name = NULL;
			age = 0;
		}
	}
public:
	Teacher& operator=(const Teacher &obj)
	{
		this->age = obj.age;
		this->name = new char[strlen(obj.name) + 1];
		strcpy(name, obj.name);
		return *this;
	}
	void printT()
	{
		cout << "name:" << name << " age:" << age << endl;
	}
private:
	char *name;
	int age;
};
int main()
{
	MyVector<Teacher> tArray(3);
	Teacher t1("123", 30);
	Teacher t2("456", 31);
	Teacher t3("789", 32);
	tArray[0] = t1;
	tArray[1] = t2;
	tArray[2] = t3;

	Teacher t4;

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		Teacher tmp = tArray[i];
		tmp.printT();
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << endl;
	cout << endl;

	cout << tArray << endl;
	return 0;
}

来源：CSDN

作者：optimjie

链接：https://blog.csdn.net/optimjie/article/details/103602836