How to create a field in django model using values of other fields of same model?

问题

I wants to create a field name:total which have the total price of all the products*quqantity. What I want is how can I do total = price*quantity in django model. As you can see there can be more than one products.
I have join the OderItem model with Order through tabularinline.

class OrderItemInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = OrderItem
    raw_id_fields = ['product']

class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id','name', 'mobile_no','address','status', 'created']
    list_editable = ['status']
    list_per_page = 15
    list_filter = ['status']
    search_fields = ('id',)
    inlines = [OrderItemInline]


admin.site.register(Order, OrderAdmin)

class Order(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=60,default=None, blank=True)
    mobile_no = models.CharField(max_length=13, default=None) 
    address = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    status_choices = (
        ('In Queue', 'In Queue'),
        ('Processing', 'Processing'),
        ('Ready', 'Ready'),
        ('Delivered', 'Delivered'),
        ('Paid', 'Paid'),
        ('Cancelled', 'Cancelled'),
    ) 
    status = models.CharField(max_length=15,       choices=status_choices, default=status_choices[0][0])


    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created', )

    def __str__(self):
        return 'Order {}'.format(self.id)

    def get_total_cost(self):
        return sum(item.get_cost() for item in self.items.all())



class OrderItem(models.Model):
    order = models.ForeignKey(Order, related_name='items', 
    on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    product = models.ForeignKey(MenuVariant, related_name='order_items', 
    on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=None)
    size = models.CharField(max_length=20, default=None)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    quantity = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=1)
    # total = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,default=0)



    def __str__(self):
        return '{}'.format(self.id)

    def get_cost(self):
        return self.price * self.quantity

回答1:

You can get the total price for an Order directly with a database query, so there's no need to save it in the database:

from django.db.models import Sum, F, FloatField
orders = Order.objects.annotate(total=Sum(F('items__quantity')*F('items__price'), output_field=FloatField()))

This adds a total field to each result of the query. So then:

price_of_first_order = orders.first().total

And if you want to display the total for an order in the admin, subclass the ModelAdmin and add get_total_cost to the readonly_fields, as explained here:

A read-only field can not only display data from a model’s field, it can also display the output of a model’s method or a method of the ModelAdmin class itself. This is very similar to the way ModelAdmin.list_display behaves.

回答2:

While I, like dirkgroten don't quite see the point of saving the value in a model field, you could add a field total=models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True) to your Order model and use a post_save to update the value.

So, since you already have a get_total_cost() we can do something like:

def order_pre_save(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    instance.total_cost = instance.get_total_cost()

pre_save.connect(order_pre_save, sender=Order)

EDIT: As dirkgroten points out you'll need the post_save on the OrderItem:

def order_item_pre_save(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    instance.order.total_cost = instance.order.get_total_cost()
    instance.order.save()

post_save.connect(order_item_pre_save, sender=OrderItem)

And you'd also need to update the value on delete:

def order_item_pre_delete(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    instance.order.total_cost = instance.order.get_total_cost() - instance.get_cost()
    instance.order.save()

post_delete.connect(order_item_pre_delete, sender=OrderItem)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55472952/how-to-create-a-field-in-django-model-using-values-of-other-fields-of-same-model