Installing Perl modules to a specific location

问题

I have several Linux machines that run Perl programs and other programs and tools.

I want to keep all tools between machines synchronized, so I have shared the /usr/local directory between one machine (Main) and the others.

Now I would like to keep all my Perl modules and their dependencies synchronized as well in /usr/local/<path to modules>.

I have found the local::lib module, but that is intended to install modules to your home directory.

How can I set up CPAN (or CPAN alternatives) to install all modules and dependencies to one location? And how can I set up Perl on other machines to use that location to find modules?

回答1:

For our convenience, let's assign the base location to a variable: (This var isn't used by anything but the following commands. There's actually no need to export it.)

export PERL_BASE="/usr/local/perl"   # Or "$HOME" or whatever

Instruct ExtUtils::MakeMaker where to install: (This assumes $PERL_BASE doesn't include any shell metacharacters)

export PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=$PERL_BASE"

Instruct Module::Build where to install: (This assumes $PERL_BASE doesn't include any shell metacharacters)

export PERL_MB_OPT="--install_base $PERL_BASE"

Instruct Perl where to look for modules: (This assumes $PERL_BASE doesn't include :)

export PERL5LIB="$PERL_BASE/lib/perl5"

Instruct the system where to look for scripts: (This assumes $PERL_BASE doesn't include :)

export PATH="$PERL_BASE/bin${PATH:+:$PATH}"

Instruct the system where to look for man pages: (This assumes $PERL_BASE doesn't include :)

export MANPATH="$PERL_BASE/man${MANPATH:+:$MANPATH}"

---

All together:

export PERL_BASE="/usr/local/perl"
export PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=$PERL_BASE"
export PERL_MB_OPT="--install_base $PERL_BASE"
export PERL5LIB="$PERL_BASE/lib/perl5"
export PATH="$PERL_BASE/bin${PATH:+:$PATH}"
export MANPATH="$PERL_BASE/man${MANPATH:+:$MANPATH}"

回答2:

Based on my own previous misadventures with local::lib, you should be able to set the location where modules are installed by setting INSTALL_BASE in PERL_MM_OPT, most likely by running a command similar to:

export PERL_MM_OPT='INSTALL_BASE=/usr/local/<path to modules>'

Alternately, if you're doing the Makefile/make/make test/make install process manually instead of using the CPAN toolchain, you can pass --install_base=/usr/local/<path to modules> as an argument to Makefile.PL.

回答3:

local::lib can be set up at any location, the location ~/perl5 is just a default:

# set up PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MB_OPT, PERL5LIB, and other shell variables
eval "$(perl -I/opt/perllib/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=/opt/perllib)"

The cpanm CPAN installer can install to any location as if it were a local::lib, regardless of how your environment is configured (whether by local::lib or other means):

cpanm -l /opt/perllib Some::Module

You can make use of any local::lib installation without having enabled it by adding the lib dir using PERL5LIB or lib or the -I switch, and using the path to executables in the local::lib bin dir if needed:

PERL5LIB=/opt/perllib/lib/perl5 /path/to/script.pl
perl -Mlib=/opt/perllib/lib/perl5 ./script.pl
perl -I/opt/perllib/lib/perl5 /opt/perllib/bin/mojo version

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41527057/installing-perl-modules-to-a-specific-location