I installed codesourcery cross compile toolchain for mips32 architecture on my WIN 7 machince. I want to first compile a simple 'factorial' binary for my router which is based on MIPS32. From little search on the internet, I found it is based on MIPS32 big-endian.
#cat /proc/cpuinfo
system type : 96338W2
processor : 0
cpu model : BCM6338 V1.0
BogoMIPS : 239.20
wait instruction : no
microsecond timers : yes
tlb_entries : 32
extra interrupt vector : yes
hardware watchpoint : no
unaligned access : 1269919
VCED exceptions : not available
VCEI exceptions : not available
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.8.1 (root@WangHaiTao) (gcc version 3.4.2) #1 Wed Sep 2 10:13:53 CST 2009
The router's LIB dir contains:
ld-uClibc.so.0 libc.so.0 libcrypt.so.0 libcrypto.so.0.9.7 libdl.so.0 libm.so.0 libnvram.so libpsi.so libpsixml.so libresolv.so.0 libssl.so.0.9.7 libutil.so.0 libwlbcmcrypto.so libwlbcmshared.so libwlctl.so modules
Toolchain info: (on the host WIN 7 system)
C:\code>mips-linux-gnu-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=mips-linux-gnu-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=f:/program files/codesourcery/sourcery_codebench_lite_for_mi
ps_gnu_linux/bin/../libexec/gcc/mips-linux-gnu/4.6.3/lto-wrapper.exe
Target: mips-linux-gnu
Configured with: /scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/src/gcc-4.6-2012.03/confi
gure --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-mingw32 --target=mips-linux-gnu --ena
ble-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --with
-arch-32=mips32r2 --with-arch-64=mips64r2 --with-float=hard --with-mips-plt --en
able-extra-sgxxlite-multilibs --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-specs='%{save-t
emps: -fverbose-asm} -D__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MAJ__=2012 -D__CS_SOURCERYGXX_MIN__=3 -D
__CS_SOURCERYGXX_REV__=63 %{O2:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-stati
cs}} %{O*:%{O|O0|O1|O2|Os:;:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-statics}
}}' --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --enable-lto --enable-symvers=gnu -
-enable-__cxa_atexit --with-pkgversion='Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.03-63' --wi
th-bugurl=https://support.codesourcery.com/GNUToolchain/ --disable-nls --prefix=
/opt/codesourcery --with-sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/mips-linux-gnu/libc --with-bu
ild-sysroot=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/install/host-i686-mingw32/mips
-linux-gnu/libc --with-libiconv-prefix=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj
/host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr --with-gmp=/scratch/cmoore
/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr
--with-mpfr=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-
linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr --with-mpc=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/
host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr --with-ppl=/scratch/cmoore/
2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr -
-with-host-libstdcxx='-static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic -lm' --with
-cloog=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux
-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr --with-libelf=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/ho
st-libs-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/usr --disable-libgomp --enable-po
ison-system-directories --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux
-lite/obj/tools-i686-pc-linux-gnu-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/mips-li
nux-gnu/bin --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/cmoore/2012.03-63-linux-lite/obj/to
ols-i686-pc-linux-gnu-2012.03-63-mips-linux-gnu-i686-mingw32/mips-linux-gnu/bin
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.6.3 (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.03-63)
I tried the following compile parameters:
mips-linux-gnu-gcc -mips32 -muclibc -o factorial factorial.c
When I ran the output binary on the MIPS box, it just printed "can't load library 'libgcc_s.so.1' ".
mips-linux-gnu-gcc -muclibc -mips32 -static-libgcc -s -o factorial factorial.c
When I run its output, it prints 'sigsegv'.
What is wrong here? What compiler parameter should I enter? Please help me.
Do you have libgcc_s.so.1 on teh file system? If not, the toolchain will have a folder to copy onto the file system. Do that.
If you do, ensure LD_LIBRARY_PATH is correctly set.
EDIT: Generic issue resolution
When you create a executable, you link to libraries. Those libraries must also be present in the environment where you run the executable. Hence in general in a embedded system 3 things must match
- The kernel headers
- The toolchain
- The file system
Here is how they are related
Your kernel headers are used as #include in your program in some form finally. So what headers the toolchain uses must match the actual one running and will be present in the file system.
The toolchain will consist of libraries to link to, so that the executable can be created [think libc and others]. These must be the same present in your runtime environment which is your filesystem
The toolchain must create a format agreable to your kernel. Executable format.
So in general if you don't have a file in your filesystem while trying to execute it should come from some sdk or your toolchain. If you have it in the filesystem then you can instruct your toolchain to use it from there.
One way to get around the problem if you do not have the libraries in the filesystem for some reason is to build static executables. But you must be sure you know what you are doing.
EDIT: Specific issue you are facing If you filesystem is readonly then either you already have everything on it and a sdk is provided to develop against. If you dont have that you can still develop by getting your toolchain to use libraries from your filesystem [think -I, -L].
EDIT 2: Your file system seems to be a ucLibc one. Your toolchain seems to be built against a libc. There is your mismatch.
Now you seem to have a read only file system with no development sdk. So I am not sure the following will work. Your toolchain has to be configured to use only the files from your filesystem and configured for ucLibc. If the router guys have made sure all files needed for development is available in the rilesystem its good enough. Else you need their sdk. See above edit for explanation.
I have successfully compiled this
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "!!!Hello World!!!" << endl; // prints !!!Hello World!!!
return 0;
}
mips-linux-gnu-g++ -muclibc -mips32 main.cpp -o main
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12183433/compile-parameters-for-mips-based-codesourcery-toolchain