简介
- RocketMQ是一款分布式,队列模型的消息中间件
- RocketMQ开发者指南
单机版安装
通过docker安装RocketMQ Server + Broker + Console,至少需要 2G 内存
- docker-compose.yml 如下:
version: '3.5'services: rmqnamesrv: image: foxiswho/rocketmq:server container_name: rmqnamesrv ports: - 9876:9876 volumes: - ./data/logs:/opt/logs - ./data/store:/opt/store networks: rmq: aliases: - rmqnamesrv rmqbroker: image: foxiswho/rocketmq:broker container_name: rmqbroker ports: - 10909:10909 - 10911:10911 volumes: - ./data/logs:/opt/logs - ./data/store:/opt/store - ./data/brokerconf/broker.conf:/etc/rocketmq/broker.conf environment: NAMESRV_ADDR: "rmqnamesrv:9876" JAVA_OPTS: " -Duser.home=/opt" JAVA_OPT_EXT: "-server -Xms128m -Xmx128m -Xmn128m" command: mqbroker -c /etc/rocketmq/broker.conf depends_on: - rmqnamesrv networks: rmq: aliases: - rmqbroker rmqconsole: image: styletang/rocketmq-console-ng container_name: rmqconsole ports: - 8080:8080 environment: JAVA_OPTS: "-Drocketmq.namesrv.addr=rmqnamesrv:9876 -Dcom.rocketmq.sendMessageWithVIPChannel=false" depends_on: - rmqnamesrv networks: rmq: aliases: - rmqconsole networks: rmq: name: rmq driver: bridge
- broker.conf
RocketMQ Broker 需要一个配置文件,按照上面的 Compose 配置,我们需要在 ./data/brokerconf/ 目录下创建一个名为 broker.conf 的配置文件,内容如下:
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # 所属集群名字 brokerClusterName=DefaultCluster # broker 名字,注意此处不同的配置文件填写的不一样,如果在 broker-a.properties 使用: broker-a, # 在 broker-b.properties 使用: broker-b brokerName=broker-a # 0 表示 Master,> 0 表示 Slave brokerId=0 # nameServer地址,分号分割 # namesrvAddr=rocketmq-nameserver1:9876;rocketmq-nameserver2:9876 # 启动IP,如果 docker 报 com.alibaba.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingConnectException: connect to <192.168.0.120:10909> failed # 解决方式1 加上一句 producer.setVipChannelEnabled(false);,解决方式2 brokerIP1 设置宿主机IP,不要使用docker 内部IP # brokerIP1=192.168.198.123 # 在发送消息时,自动创建服务器不存在的topic,默认创建的队列数 defaultTopicQueueNums=4 # 是否允许 Broker 自动创建 Topic,建议线下开启,线上关闭 !!!这里仔细看是 false,false,false autoCreateTopicEnable=true # 是否允许 Broker 自动创建订阅组,建议线下开启,线上关闭 autoCreateSubscriptionGroup=true # Broker 对外服务的监听端口 listenPort=10911 # 删除文件时间点,默认凌晨4点 deleteWhen=04 # 文件保留时间,默认48小时 fileReservedTime=120 # commitLog 每个文件的大小默认1G mapedFileSizeCommitLog=1073741824 # ConsumeQueue 每个文件默认存 30W 条,根据业务情况调整 mapedFileSizeConsumeQueue=300000 # destroyMapedFileIntervalForcibly=120000 # redeleteHangedFileInterval=120000 # 检测物理文件磁盘空间 diskMaxUsedSpaceRatio=88 # 存储路径 # storePathRootDir=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store # commitLog 存储路径 # storePathCommitLog=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store/commitlog # 消费队列存储 # storePathConsumeQueue=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store/consumequeue # 消息索引存储路径 # storePathIndex=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store/index # checkpoint 文件存储路径 # storeCheckpoint=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store/checkpoint # abort 文件存储路径 # abortFile=/home/ztztdata/rocketmq-all-4.1.0-incubating/store/abort # 限制的消息大小 maxMessageSize=65536 # flushCommitLogLeastPages=4 # flushConsumeQueueLeastPages=2 # flushCommitLogThoroughInterval=10000 # flushConsumeQueueThoroughInterval=60000 # Broker 的角色 # - ASYNC_MASTER 异步复制Master # - SYNC_MASTER 同步双写Master # - SLAVE brokerRole=ASYNC_MASTER # 刷盘方式 # - ASYNC_FLUSH 异步刷盘 # - SYNC_FLUSH 同步刷盘 flushDiskType=ASYNC_FLUSH # 发消息线程池数量 # sendMessageThreadPoolNums=128 # 拉消息线程池数量 # pullMessageThreadPoolNums=128
- 启动
docker-compose up -d
- 访问控制台
http://ip:8080
生产者的使用
- 创建生产者对象DefaultMQProducer
- 设置NamesrvAddr
- 启动生产者服务
- 创建消息并发送
package com.wu.mq.quickstart; import com.wu.mq.constants.Const; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message; import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException; /** * @author :wuba * @date :Created in 2019/10/27 21:38 * @description:消息生产者 */ public class Producer { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException, RemotingException, InterruptedException, MQBrokerException { //创建生产者对象 DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("test_producerGroup"); //设置Name Server addr producer.setNamesrvAddr(Const.NAMESRV_ADDR); //启动服务 producer.start(); //创建消息并发送 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Message message = new Message("test_topic", "TagA", "Key" + i, ("Hello,RocketMQ" + i).getBytes()); SendResult sr = producer.send(message); System.out.println(sr); } //关闭 producer.shutdown(); } }
消费者的使用
- 创建消费者对象DefaultMQPushConsumer
- 设置NamesrvAddr 及消费位置ConsumeFromWhere
- 进行订阅主题subscribe
- 注册监听并消费 registerMessageListener
package com.wu.mq.quickstart; import com.wu.mq.constants.Const; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt; import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper; import java.util.List; /** * @author :wuba * @date :Created in 2019/10/27 21:39 * @description:消息消费者 */ public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { //创建消费者对象 DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("test_consumerGroup"); //设置NamesrvAddr 及消费位置ConsumeFromWhere consumer.setNamesrvAddr(Const.NAMESRV_ADDR); consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_LAST_OFFSET); //订阅topic, * 指该主题下的所有消息都能消费 consumer.subscribe("test_topic","*"); //注册监听并消费 consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { @Override public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) { MessageExt msg = list.get(0); try { String topic = msg.getTopic(); String tags = msg.getTags(); String keys = msg.getKeys(); if("Key3".equals(keys)){ System.out.println("消息消费失败..."); int i=1/0; } String msgBody = new String(msg.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET); System.err.println("topic: " + topic + ",tags: " + tags + ", keys: " + keys + ",body: " + msgBody); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); int reconsumeTimes = msg.getReconsumeTimes(); System.out.println("reconsumeTimes :"+reconsumeTimes); if(reconsumeTimes == 2){ //记录日志,补偿处理 return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.RECONSUME_LATER;//重试 } return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); //启动消费服务 System.out.println("消费服务启动..."); consumer.start(); } }
RocketMQ拓扑图
NameServer是一个几乎无状态节点,可集群部署,节点之间无任何信息同步。
- Broker部署相对复杂,Broker分为Master与Slave,一个Master可以对应多个Slave,但是一个Slave只能对应一个Master,Master与Slave 的对应关系通过指定相同的BrokerName,不同的BrokerId 来定义,BrokerId为0表示Master,非0表示Slave。Master也可以部署多个。每个Broker与NameServer集群中的所有节点建立长连接,定时注册Topic信息到所有NameServer。 注意:当前RocketMQ版本在部署架构上支持一Master多Slave,但只有BrokerId=1的从服务器才会参与消息的读负载。
- Producer与NameServer集群中的其中一个节点(随机选择)建立长连接,定期从NameServer获取Topic路由信息,并向提供Topic 服务的Master建立长连接,且定时向Master发送心跳。Producer完全无状态,可集群部署。
- Consumer与NameServer集群中的其中一个节点(随机选择)建立长连接,定期从NameServer获取Topic路由信息,并向提供Topic服务的Master、Slave建立长连接,且定时向Master、Slave发送心跳。Consumer既可以从Master订阅消息,也可以从Slave订阅消息,消费者在向Master拉取消息时,Master服务器会根据拉取偏移量与最大偏移量的距离(判断是否读老消息,产生读I/O),以及从服务器是否可读等因素建议下一次是从Master还是Slave拉取。
工作流程
- 启动NameServer,NameServer起来后监听端口,等待Broker、Producer、Consumer连上来,相当于一个路由控制中心。
- Broker启动,跟所有的NameServer保持长连接,定时发送心跳包。心跳包中包含当前Broker信息(IP+端口等)以及存储所有Topic信息。注册成功后,NameServer集群中就有Topic跟Broker的映射关系。
- 收发消息前,先创建Topic,创建Topic时需要指定该Topic要存储在哪些Broker上,也可以在发送消息时自动创建Topic。
- Producer发送消息,启动时先跟NameServer集群中的其中一台建立长连接,并从NameServer中获取当前发送的Topic存在哪些Broker上,轮询从队列列表中选择一个队列,然后与队列所在的Broker建立长连接从而向Broker发消息。
- Consumer跟Producer类似,跟其中一台NameServer建立长连接,获取当前订阅Topic存在哪些Broker上,然后直接跟Broker建立连接通道,开始消费消息。