本文安装环境是 CentOS7.6。安装版本是 postgresql-11 。推荐关闭SELinux和防火墙打开相应端口。
安装 postgresql-server。postgesql-server 官方安装教程 。
#设置安装源
[root@promote ~]# yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-ppc64le/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm
#安装postgresql11-server
[root@promote ~]# yum install postgresql11-server postgresql11-client postgresql11-libs postgresql11-contrib postgresql11-devel
#初始化数据库
[root@promote ~]# /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
#添加开机启动
[root@promote ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-11
安装 postgis 。参考postgis 官方安装教程Red Hat / Centos / Scientific Linux 选项。
#安装epel-release
[root@promote ~]# yum -y install epel-release
#安装postgis
[root@promote ~]# sudo yum install postgis25_11 postgis25_11-devel postgis25_11-client postgis25_11-debuginfo postgis25_11-utils
#安装ogr_fdw11扩展
[root@promote ~]# yum install ogr_fdw11 ogr_fdw11-debuginfo pgrouting_11 pgrouting_11-debuginfo
#可选添加开机启动
[root@promote ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-11
#启动和查看postgresql-11服务
[root@promote ~]# systemctl start postgresql-11
[root@promote ~]# systemctl status postgresql-11
[root@promote ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep postgresql
postgresql-11.service enabled
#查看开机启动
[root@promote ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep postgresql
postgresql-11.service enabled
[root@promote ~]#
#查看数据库服务端口开启情况
[root@promote ~]# netstat -ntlp | grep post
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10592/postmaster
tcp6 0 0 ::1:5432 :::* LISTEN 10592/postmaster
[root@promote ~]#
创建用户，创建数据库gistest，切换用户到postgres，连接和切换数据库，查看postgis版本信息。
[root@promote ~]# su - postgres
#非第一次登录
[root@promote ~]# su - postgres
上一次登录：五 4月 12 16:51:07 CST 2019pts/1 上
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (11.2)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
postgres=#
#安装EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION adminpack;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer_data_us;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=#
postgres=# \dx
已安装扩展列表
名称 | 版本 | 架构模式 | 描述
------------------------------+-------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
address_standardizer | 2.5.2 | public | Used to parse an address into constituent elements. Generally used to support geocoding address normalization step.
address_standardizer_data_us | 2.5.2 | public | Address Standardizer US dataset example
adminpack | 2.0 | pg_catalog | administrative functions for PostgreSQL
fuzzystrmatch | 1.1 | public | determine similarities and distance between strings
plpgsql | 1.0 | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language
postgis | 2.5.2 | public | PostGIS geometry, geography, and raster spatial types and functions
postgis_sfcgal | 2.5.2 | public | PostGIS SFCGAL functions
postgis_tiger_geocoder | 2.5.2 | tiger | PostGIS tiger geocoder and reverse geocoder
postgis_topology | 2.5.2 | topology | PostGIS topology spatial types and functions
(9 行记录)
postgres=# \d
关联列表
架构模式 | 名称 | 类型 | 拥有者
----------+--------------------------+--------+----------
public | city | 数据表 | postgres
public | geography_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | geometry_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | raster_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | raster_overviews | 视图 | postgres
public | spatial_ref_sys | 数据表 | postgres
public | us_gaz | 数据表 | postgres
public | us_gaz_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
public | us_lex | 数据表 | postgres
public | us_lex_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
public | us_rules | 数据表 | postgres
public | us_rules_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | addr | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | addr_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | addrfeat | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | addrfeat_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | bg | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | bg_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | county | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | county_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | county_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | countysub_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | cousub | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | cousub_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | direction_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | edges | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | edges_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | faces | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | faces_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | featnames | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | featnames_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | geocode_settings | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | geocode_settings_default | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | loader_lookuptables | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | loader_platform | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | loader_variables | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | pagc_gaz | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | pagc_gaz_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | pagc_lex | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | pagc_lex_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | pagc_rules | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | pagc_rules_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | place | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | place_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | place_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | secondary_unit_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | state | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | state_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | state_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | street_type_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | tabblock | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | tabblock_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | tract | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | tract_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | zcta5 | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | zcta5_gid_seq | 序列数 | postgres
tiger | zip_lookup | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | zip_lookup_all | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | zip_lookup_base | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | zip_state | 数据表 | postgres
tiger | zip_state_loc | 数据表 | postgres
topology | layer | 数据表 | postgres
topology | topology | 数据表 | postgres
topology | topology_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
(64 行记录)
postgres=#
postgres=# create database gistest;
postgres=# \c gistest
#\x 开启或关闭扩展显示
gistest=# \x
扩展显示已关闭。
gistest=# \d
关联列表
架构模式 | 名称 | 类型 | 拥有者
----------+-------------------+--------+----------
public | geography_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | geometry_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | raster_columns | 视图 | postgres
public | raster_overviews | 视图 | postgres
public | spatial_ref_sys | 数据表 | postgres
topology | layer | 数据表 | postgres
topology | topology | 数据表 | postgres
topology | topology_id_seq | 序列数 | postgres
(8 行记录)
gistest=# \l
数据库列表
名称 | 拥有者 | 字元编码 | 校对规则 | Ctype | 存取权限
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
gistest | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 行记录)
#查看版本信息
postgres=#
gistest=# \q
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (11.2)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
postgres=# select postgis_full_version();
postgis_full_version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
POSTGIS="2.5.2 r17328" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="110" GEOS="3.7.1-CAPI-1.11.1 27a5e771" SFCGAL="1.2.2" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016" GDAL="GDAL 1.11.4, released 2016/01/25" LIBXML="2.9.1" LIBJSON="0.11" TOPOLOGY RASTER
(1 行记录)
postgres=# exit
-bash-4.2$ exit
登出
[root@promote ~]#
连接postgres数据库，创建测试表city。添加测算表和值。
postgres=# \c postgres
postgres=# \x
扩展显示已打开。
#创建测试表
postgres=# CREATE TABLE city (id int4, name varchar(50));
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# SELECT AddGeometryColumn ('city', 'the_geom', 4326, 'POINT', 2);
-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+--------------------------------------------------
addgeometrycolumn | public.city.the_geom SRID:4326 TYPE:POINT DIMS:2
postgres=# select * from city;
(0 行记录)
postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (1,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-0.1257 51.508)',4326),'London, England');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (2,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-81.233 42.983)',4326),'London, Ontario');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# INSERT INTO city (id, the_geom, name) VALUES (3,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)',4326),'East London,SA');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=#
使用简单查询和空间查询。
postgres=# SELECT * FROM city;
-[ RECORD 1 ]------------------------------------------------
id | 1
name | London, England
the_geom | 0101000020E6100000BBB88D06F016C0BF1B2FDD2406C14940
-[ RECORD 2 ]------------------------------------------------
id | 2
name | London, Ontario
the_geom | 0101000020E6100000F4FDD478E94E54C0E7FBA9F1D27D4540
-[ RECORD 3 ]------------------------------------------------
id | 3
name | East London,SA
the_geom | 0101000020E610000040AB064060E93B4059FAD005F58140C0
postgres=# SELECT id, ST_AsText(the_geom), ST_AsEwkt(the_geom), ST_X(the_geom), ST_Y(the_geom) FROM city;
-[ RECORD 1 ]-------------------------------------
id | 1
st_astext | POINT(-0.1257 51.508)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(-0.1257 51.508)
st_x | -0.1257
st_y | 51.508
-[ RECORD 2 ]-------------------------------------
id | 2
st_astext | POINT(-81.233 42.983)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(-81.233 42.983)
st_x | -81.233
st_y | 42.983
-[ RECORD 3 ]-------------------------------------
id | 3
st_astext | POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)
st_asewkt | SRID=4326;POINT(27.91162491 -33.01529)
st_x | 27.91162491
st_y | -33.01529
postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_Distance_Sphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
警告: ST_Distance_Sphere signature was deprecated in 2.2.0. Please use ST_DistanceSphere
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+-----------------
name | London, Ontario
name | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]------+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]------+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, Ontario
st_distance_sphere | 13892208.6782928
postgres=#
postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_DistanceSphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
警告: ST_Distance_Sphere signature was deprecated in 2.2.0. Please use ST_DistanceSphere
-[ RECORD 1 ]------+-----------------
name | London, Ontario
name | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]------+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, England
st_distance_sphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]------+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, Ontario
st_distance_sphere | 13892208.6782928
postgres=# SELECT p1.name,p2.name,ST_DistanceSphere(p1.the_geom,p2.the_geom) FROM city AS p1, city AS p2 WHERE p1.id > p2.id;
-[ RECORD 1 ]-----+-----------------
name | London, Ontario
name | London, England
st_distancesphere | 5875787.03777356
-[ RECORD 2 ]-----+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, England
st_distancesphere | 9789680.59961472
-[ RECORD 3 ]-----+-----------------
name | East London,SA
name | London, Ontario
st_distancesphere | 13892208.6782928
postgres=#
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/1011130/blog/3036155