Mutate multiple variable to create multiple new variables

问题

Let\'s say I have a tibble where I need to take multiple variables and mutate them into new multiple new variables.

As an example, here is a simple tibble:

tb <- tribble(
  ~x, ~y1, ~y2, ~y3, ~z,
  1,2,4,6,2,
  2,1,2,3,3,
  3,6,4,2,1
)

I want to subtract variable z from every variable with a name starting with \"y\", and mutate the results as new variables of tb. Also, suppose I don\'t know how many \"y\" variables I have. I want the solution to fit nicely within tidyverse / dplyr workflow.

In essence, I don\'t understand how to mutate multiple variables into multiple new variables. I\'m not sure if you can use mutate in this instance? I\'ve tried mutate_if, but I don\'t think I\'m using it right (and I get an error):

tb %>% mutate_if(starts_with(\"y\"), funs(.-z))

#Error: No tidyselect variables were registered

Thanks in advance!

回答1:

Because you are operating on column names, you need to use mutate_at rather than mutate_if which uses the values within columns

tb %>% mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")), funs(. - z))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1     1     0     2     4     2
#> 2     2    -2    -1     0     3
#> 3     3     5     3     1     1

To create new columns, instead of overwriting existing ones, we can give name to funs

# add suffix
tb %>% mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")), funs(mod = . - z))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 8
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z y1_mod y2_mod y3_mod
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1     1     2     4     6     2      0      2      4
#> 2     2     1     2     3     3     -2     -1      0
#> 3     3     6     4     2     1      5      3      1

# remove suffix, add prefix
tb %>%
  mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")),  funs(mod = . - z)) %>%
  rename_at(vars(ends_with("_mod")), funs(paste("mod", gsub("_mod", "", .), sep = "_")))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 8
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z mod_y1 mod_y2 mod_y3
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1     1     2     4     6     2      0      2      4
#> 2     2     1     2     3     3     -2     -1      0
#> 3     3     6     4     2     1      5      3      1

Edit: In dplyr 0.8.0 or higher versions, funs() will be deprecated (source1 & source2), need to use list() instead

tb %>% mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")), list(~ . - z))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1     1     0     2     4     2
#> 2     2    -2    -1     0     3
#> 3     3     5     3     1     1

tb %>% mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")), list(mod = ~ . - z))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 8
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z y1_mod y2_mod y3_mod
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1     1     2     4     6     2      0      2      4
#> 2     2     1     2     3     3     -2     -1      0
#> 3     3     6     4     2     1      5      3      1

tb %>%
  mutate_at(vars(starts_with("y")),  list(mod = ~ . - z)) %>%
  rename_at(vars(ends_with("_mod")), list(~ paste("mod", gsub("_mod", "", .), sep = "_")))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 8
#>       x    y1    y2    y3     z mod_y1 mod_y2 mod_y3
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
#> 1     1     2     4     6     2      0      2      4
#> 2     2     1     2     3     3     -2     -1      0
#> 3     3     6     4     2     1      5      3      1

^{Created on 2018-10-29 by the reprex package (v0.2.1)}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48898121/mutate-multiple-variable-to-create-multiple-new-variables

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dplyr

tidyverse

tidyselect