Extend array types using where clause in Swift

问题

I\'d like to use the Accelerate framework to extend [Float] and [Double] but each of these requires a different implementation.

I tried the obvious:

extension Array<Float> {
}

and get this error:

\"Constrained extension must be declared on the unspecialised generic type \'Array\' with constraints specified by a \'where\' clause\"

Is it posible to extend generic types in Swift 2 in this way?

I\'ve got the code working as expected now. Here\'s an example showing a summation using the Accelerate framework.

extension _ArrayType where Generator.Element == Float {

    func quickSum() -> Float {
        var result: Float = 0
        if var x = self as? [Float] {
            vDSP_sve(&x, 1, &result, vDSP_Length(x.count))
        }
        return result
    }
}

extension _ArrayType where Generator.Element == Double {

    func quickSum() -> Double {
        var result: Double = 0
        if var x = self as? [Double] {
            vDSP_sveD(&x, 1, &result, vDSP_Length(x.count))
        }
        return result
    }
}

回答1:

If you want to extend only array with specific type. You should extend _ArrayType protocol.

extension _ArrayType where Generator.Element == Int {

   func doSomething() {
       ... 
   }
}

If you extend Array you can only make sure your element is conformed some protocol else. i.e:

extension Array where Element: Equatable {

   func doSomething() {
       ... 
   }
}

Updated: With Swift 3.1 https://github.com/apple/swift/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

extension Array where Element == Int {

   func doSomething() {
       ... 
   }
}

回答2:

Swift 3 to the rescue!!

extension Collection where Iterator.Element == Int {
    // `Collection` can be `Sequence`, etc
}

回答3:

How about

extension CollectionType where Generator.Element == Double {

}

Or If you want a little bit more:

protocol ArithmeticType {
    func +(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
    func -(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
    func *(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
    func /(lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
}

extension Double : ArithmeticType {}
extension Float : ArithmeticType {}

extension SequenceType where Generator.Element : protocol<FloatLiteralConvertible, ArithmeticType> {
    var sum : Generator.Element {
        return reduce(0.0, combine: +)
    }

    var product : Generator.Element {
        return reduce(1.0, combine: *)
    }
}


stride(from: 1.0, through: 10.0, by: 1.0).sum   // 55
[1.5, 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.5].product               // 231

Works with Double and Float or any other type that you conform to the protocols ArithmeticType and FloatLiteralConvertible. If you need to access specific indices of your array, change SequenceType to CollectionType as you cannot do this with a sequence.

回答4:

So I didn't read the question properly. FloatingPointType is an existing protocol that is implemented by Double, Float and CGFloat, so

Yes. I did it only yesterday to add a function to SequenceType where the elements had to be Equatable. This is a modification to restrict the elements to Float

You need to use a where clause. This is my function below.

public extension SequenceType where Self.Generator.Element: FloatingPointType
{
    public func splitAt(separator: Generator.Element) -> [[Generator.Element]]
    {
        var ret: [[Generator.Element]] = []
        var thisPart: [Generator.Element] = []

        for element in self
        {
            if element == separator
            {
                ret.append(thisPart)
                thisPart = []
            }
            else
            {
                thisPart.append(element)
            }
        }
        ret.append(thisPart)
        return ret
    }
}

[Float(1), Float(2), Float(3), Float(4)].splitAt(Float(2))
// returns [[1],[3, 4]]
[Double(1), Double(2), Double(3), Double(4)].splitAt(Double(3))
// returns [[1, 2],[4]]

NB I couldn't make this work for an array but SequenceType is more general anyway.

回答5:

Swift 3 on Xcode 8.2

Just need to extend Sequence protocol and provide a where statement.

let someString = "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8"

extension String {        
  func toArrayOfElements() -> [String] {
    return self.components(separatedBy: ", ")
  }        
}

extension Sequence where Iterator.Element == String {        
  func toInt() -> [Int] {            
    return self.map {
      Int($0)!
    }
  }        
}

let arrayOfStrings = someString.toArrayOfElements()    
print(arrayOfStrings)

let arrayOfInts = arrayOfStrings.toInt()    
print(arrayOfInts)

回答6:

If you only want to extend a specific Array you have to use a protocol for each type:

protocol DoubleValue {
    var value: Double { get }
}
extension Double: DoubleValue {
    var value: Double { return self }
}
extension Array where Element: DoubleValue {
    // use the value property
}

// the same for Float
protocol FloatValue {
    var value: Float { get }
}

extension Float: FloatValue {
    var value: Float { return self }
}
extension Array where Element: FloatValue {
    // use the value property
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31806324/extend-array-types-using-where-clause-in-swift