Deciding and implementing a trending algorithm in Django

问题

I have a Django application in which I need to implement a simple trending/ranking algorithm. I'm very lost as a :

I have two models, Book and Reader. Every night, new books are added to my database. The number of readers for each book are updated too every night i.e. One book will have multiple reader statistic records (one record for each day).

Over a given period (past week, past month or past year), I would like to list the most popular books, what algorithm should I use for this?

The popularity doesn't need to be realtime in any way because the reader count for each book is only updated daily.

I found one article which was referenced in another SO post that showed how they calculated trending Wikipedia articles but the post only showed how the current trend was calculated.

As someone pointed out on SO, it is a very simple baseline trend algorithm and only calculates the slope between two data points so I guess it shows the trend between yesterday and today.

I'm not looking for a uber complex trending algorithm like those used on Hacker News, Reddit, etc.

I have only two data axes, reader count and date.

Any ideas on what and how I should implement. For someone who's never worked with anything statistics/algorithm related, this seems to be a very daunting undertaking.

Thanks in advance everyone.

回答1:

Probably the simplest possible trending "algorithm" I can think of is the n-day moving average. I'm not sure how your data is structured, but say you have something like this:

books = {'Twilight': [500, 555, 580, 577, 523, 533, 556, 593],
         'Harry Potter': [650, 647, 653, 642, 633, 621, 625, 613],
         'Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs': [1, 4, 15, 12, 7, 3, 8, 19]
        }

A simple moving average just takes the last n values and averages them:

def moving_av(l, n):
    """Take a list, l, and return the average of its last n elements.
    """
    observations = len(l[-n:])
    return sum(l[-n:]) / float(observations)

The slice notation simply grabs the tail end of the list, starting from the nth to last variable. A moving average is a fairly standard way to smooth out any noise that a single spike or dip could introduce. The function could be used like so:

book_scores = {}
for book, reader_list in books.iteritems():
    book_scores[book] = moving_av(reader_list, 5)

You'll want to play around with the number of days you average over. And if you want to emphasize recent trends you can also look at using something like a weighted moving average.

If you wanted to focus on something that looks less at absolute readership and focuses instead on increases in readership, simply find the percent change in the 30-day moving average and 5-day moving average:

d5_moving_av = moving_av(reader_list, 5)
d30_moving_av = moving_av(reader_list, 30)
book_score = (d5_moving_av - d30_moving_av) / d30_moving_av

With these simple tools you have a fair amount of flexibility in how much you emphasize past trends and how much you want to smooth out (or not smooth out) spikes.

回答2:

Popularity is easy; you just run a count on the readers and order by that:

Book.objects.annotate(reader_count=Count('readers')).order_by('-reader_count')

Trending is more difficult as this is more a popularity delta, i.e. which books have gains the most readers recently. If you want something like this, you'll need something running behind the scenes to keep a record of reader counts by date.

回答3:

You can take stackoverflow reputation ranking as example.

User can change view: by month, by year, ....

In your case: The most read book by month, by year.

To achieve this you should save day by day the number of readers for each book.

reader( date, book, total )

Then it is as simple as:

   Book.objects.filter(  
                   boor__reader__date__gte = some_date
                      ).annotate(
                            num_readers=Sum('book__reader__total')
                                ).order_by('-num_readers')

回答4:

I would do it systemically like this:

1. Make a list of the most common questions or data points a user will be interested in, for example: 1.1 Top 100 Most popular books this week 1.2 Top 100 Most popular books this month

2. After your daily reader/book info. is updated, I would run a job (probably nightly) to update a table of this info. Table will probably have Book and ReaderDelta fields where ReaderDelta is the change in readerCount over a week, month or year.

3. You could also simply store the daily ReaderDelta and when looking for a month's worth of data, simply aggregate the past 30 days by date dynamically.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9283856/deciding-and-implementing-a-trending-algorithm-in-django