django扩展用户模型继承AbstractBaseUser

自带的用户模型，AbstractUser还是有些缺陷，比如，first_name、last_name这些字段不想要。所以，要自定义字段，需要重写AbstractUser.

因为class AbstractUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin)，所以重写的时候也需要同时继承AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin

1、app01/models.py里面自定义User模型

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import   BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def _create_user(self , telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        if not telephone:
            raise  ValueError("必须要传递手机号码！")
        if not password:
            raise  ValueError("必须要传递密码")
        user = self.model( telephone = telephone, username= username , **kwargs)
        user.set_password( password )
        user.save()
        return  user

    def create_user(self,  telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        # kwargs['is_superuser'] = False
        return self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

    def create_superuser(self, telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        # kwargs['is_superuser'] = True
        return  self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = "telephone"   #USERNAME_FIELD作用，是执行authenticate验证， username参数传入后，实际校验的是telephone字段
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.username

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.username

2、在settings.py里面设置AUTH_USER_MODEL，这样django就不使用系统默认的User模型，而使用app01/models.py里面的User模型

3、创建模型后，需要执行makemigrations和migrate同步数据库，同步后数据库表列就是自定义的

manage.py@untitled1019 > sqlmigrate app01 0001
"D:\Program Files\PyCharm 2018.1.4\bin\runnerw.exe" "D:\Program Files\python3.6.7\python.exe" "D:\Program Files\PyCharm 2018.1.4\helpers\pycharm\django_manage.py" sqlmigrate app01 0001 D:/pythonWorkspace/untitled1019
Tracking file by folder pattern: migrations
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model User
--
CREATE TABLE `app01_user` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`password` varchar(128) NOT NULL, `last_login` datetime(6) NULL,
`is_superuser` bool NOT NULL,
`telephone` varchar(11) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
`email` varchar(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
`username` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`is_active` bool NOT NULL);

CREATE TABLE `app01_user_groups` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`user_id` integer NOT NULL,
`group_id` integer NOT NULL);

CREATE TABLE `app01_user_user_permissions` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`user_id` integer NOT NULL,
`permission_id` integer NOT NULL);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_groups` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_groups_user_id_e69307ff_fk_app01_user_id` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `app01_user` (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_groups` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_groups_group_id_25800035_fk_auth_group_id` FOREIGN KEY (`group_id`) REFERENCES `auth_group` (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_groups` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_groups_user_id_group_id_7cd1d9cb_uniq` UNIQUE (`user_id`, `group_id`);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_user_permissions` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_user_permissions_user_id_a15941fb_fk_app01_user_id` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `app01_user` (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_user_permissions` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_user_perm_permission_id_ad7e2dda_fk_auth_perm` FOREIGN KEY (`permission_id`) REFERENCES `auth_permission` (`id`);

ALTER TABLE `app01_user_user_permissions` ADD CONSTRAINT `app01_user_user_permissions_user_id_permission_id_93ed9964_uniq` UNIQUE (`user_id`, `permission_id`);

COMMIT;

Process finished with exit code 0

4、app01/views.py视图里调用模型，创建和认证用户

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.db import  connection
from app01.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import  authenticate


def test(request):
    #创建用户
    # User.objects.create_user( telephone="15555655555", password="555555", username="zhiliao5" )

    #用认证
    user = authenticate(request, username="15555655555", password="555555")
    if user:
        print(user.username)
        print("验证成功！")
    else:
        print("验证失败！")
    return  HttpResponse("继承AbstractUser扩展用户")

5、创建用户和认证用户的结果如下：

创建用户：

认证用户：

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
November 06, 2019 - 17:58:38
Django version 2.2.2, using settings 'untitled1019.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8080/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
zhiliao5
验证成功！

6、如果现在有一个模型Article和User模型关联，有一个get_user_model的方法，会自动获取settings.py里面设置的用户模型，这样更安全

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import   BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def _create_user(self , telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        if not telephone:
            raise  ValueError("必须要传递手机号码！")
        if not password:
            raise  ValueError("必须要传递密码")
        user = self.model( telephone = telephone, username= username , **kwargs)
        user.set_password( password )
        user.save()
        return  user

    def create_user(self,  telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        # kwargs['is_superuser'] = False
        return self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

    def create_superuser(self, telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        # kwargs['is_superuser'] = True
        return  self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = "telephone"   #USERNAME_FIELD作用，是执行authenticate验证， username参数传入后，实际校验的是telephone字段
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.username

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.username

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    # author = models.ForeignKey(  User, on_delete= models.CASCADE )
    #get_user_model()会自动获取settings.py里面 AUTH_USER_MODEL，这样不管你定义的那个User，都可以自动获取，更安全
    author = models.ForeignKey(get_user_model(), on_delete=models.CASCADE)

7、执行makemigrations和migrate同步数据库以后，就会产生一张app01_articel表，并且与User建立了外键关系

来源：oschina

链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4365191/blog/3353335

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