一、kubenetes搭建方式有三种：
1、minikube （通常在测试环境使用，不要在生产环境中使用）
2、kubeadm （是一种快速部署kubernetes的方式，部署相对简单，可以在生产环境中应用）
3、二进制方式安装kubernetes （安装过程复杂，比较容易踩坑）
二、使用kubeadm方式安装kubernetes：
1、环境：
| IP地址 | 主机名 |
| 192.168.1.100 | k8s-master |
| 192.168.1.101 | k8s-node1 |
虚拟机配置：操作系统：CentOS7.5
CPU最好2核心数以上
内存最好2GB以上
2、部署前的条件
2.1、关闭防火墙：
1 systemctl disable firewalld #关闭防火墙开机自启
2 systemctl stop firewalld #关闭防火墙 2.2、关闭selinux
1 setenforce o #暂时关闭selinux2.3、关闭swap
1 swapoff -a2.4、创建k8s配置文件
1 vi /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
2
3 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
4 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
5 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
6 #使配置文件生效
7 modprobe br_netfilter
8 sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 3、安装docker-ce
1 yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 #安装docker依赖包
2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #添加docker的yum仓库repo源
3 yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates |sort -r #查看docker-ce的各个版本
4
5 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
6 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
7 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
8 Installed Packages
9 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
10 docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
11 docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
12 docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
13 docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
14 docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
15 docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
16 docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
17 docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 @docker-ce-stable
18 docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable
19 docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
20 docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
21 docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
22 docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
23 docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
24 docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
25 docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
26 docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
27 docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
28 docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable
29 docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
30 docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
31 docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
32 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
33 Available Packages
34
35
36 yum makecache fast #快速建立缓存
37 yum install -y --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 #安装docker
38 systemctl start docker #启动docker
39 systemctl enable docker #将docker加入开机自启
4、创建kubernetes的repo源并安装kubernetes
1 #创建kubernetes的repo源
2 cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo <<EOF
3 [kubernetes]
4 name=Kubernetes
5 baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
6 enabled=1
7 gpgcheck=0
8 EOF
9 #快速建立缓存
10 yum makecache fast
11 #安装kubernetes各组件
12 yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
13 #编辑配置文件
14 vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
15 KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--fail-swap-on=false #修改启动kubernetes时必须关闭swap的规则
16
17 #将kubelet加入开机自启
18 systemctl enable kubelet.servic
至此以上操作在k8s-master和k8s-node1两台机器上执行
至此以下均在k8s-master上执行
4.1、修改kubernetes组件的配置
1 #使用kubeadm获取默认配置文件kubeadm.conf
2 kubeadm config print-default > kubeadm.conf
3
4 #修改kubeadm初始化时pull得镜像的网站，默认为google的镜像网站，由于国内需酸酸乳才可访问，故不能酸酸乳的小伙伴要按下面命令将其改为阿里云的镜像仓库网址
5
6 sed -i "s/imageRepository: .*/imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers/g" kubeadm.conf
7
8 #指定kubernetes的版本
9 sed -i "s/kubernetesVersion: .*/kubernetesVersion: v1.13.4/g" kubeadm.conf
10
11 #使用kubeadm获取初始化时所需的各组件镜像
12 kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf
13
14 #指定master节点IP
15 sed -i "s/advertiseAddress: .*/advertiseAddress: 192.168.1.100/g" kubeadm.conf
16 #指定pod容器IP网段
17 sed -i "s/podSubnet: .*/podSubnet: \"10.244.0.0\/16\"/g" kubeadm.conf
18 #初始化kubeadm
19 kubeadm init --config kubeadm.conf
20
21 #若提示必须关闭swap的告警时，运行下面命令，以忽略告警
22 kubeadm init --config kubeadm.conf --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
#以下是初始化成功后输出的结果：
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.1.100:6443 --token lb7b9b.mnb0oe0su1rtemnm --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2ec77ce65a291770f6fcf42b60fc5b2200a8a381d46ce2b1bf7ec73310a95727
注：以上kubeadm join... 这条信息很重要，以后其他节点都是用这条命令才能加入这个集群
如果忘记请用以下命令查看：kubeadm token create --print-join-command
初始化成功后不要忘记执行提示的命令：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
如果初始化成功后虚拟机卡顿运行缓慢，需要给虚拟机内存适量调高
4.2、查看集群是否健康
1 kubectl get cs
2 NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
3 scheduler Healthy ok
4 controller-manager Healthy ok
5 etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
5、配置flannel网络
1 mkdir -p ~/k8s/
2 cd ~/k8s
3
4 #获取flannel的yml文件
5 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
6
7 #执行flannel的yml文件使之运行
8 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
9
10 #查看flannel的运行状态
11 kubectl get ds -l app=flannel -n kube-system
12 NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
13 kube-flannel-ds-amd64 2 2 2 1 2 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64 22h
14 kube-flannel-ds-arm 0 0 0 0 0 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=arm 22h
15 kube-flannel-ds-arm64 0 0 0 0 0 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=arm64 22h
16 kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le 0 0 0 0 0 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=ppc64le 22h
17 kube-flannel-ds-s390x 0 0 0 0 0 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=s390x 22h
18 #查看节点状态
19 kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady master 23h v1.13.4
#我们看到master节点的状态并不是Ready状态
#是因为kubeadm额外给node1节点设置了一个污点(Taint)：node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoSchedule，很容易理解
#即如果节点还没有ready之前，是不接受调度的。
#可是如果Kubernetes的网络插件还没有部署的话，节点是不会进入ready状态的。
#因此我们修改以下kube-flannel.yaml的内容，加入对node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoSchedule这个污点的容忍：
vi ~/k8s/kube-flannel.yaml
#修改段：
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
- key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
重新apply一下kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml，这次成功完成flannel的部署了。
节点状态就是Ready状态了。
6、使用kubectl get pod –all-namespaces -o wide确保所有的Pod都处于Running状态。
1 kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide
2 NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
3 kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-njt7l 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.244.0.3 node1 <none>
4 kube-system coredns-576cbf47c7-vg2gd 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.244.0.2 node1 <none>
5 kube-system etcd-node1 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
6 kube-system kube-apiserver-node1 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
7 kube-system kube-controller-manager-node1 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
8 kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-bxtqh 1/1 Running 0 2m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
9 kube-system kube-proxy-fb542 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
10 kube-system kube-scheduler-node1 1/1 Running 0 12m 192.168.61.11 node1 <none>
7、使master节点参与工作负载
1 kubectl describe node node1 | grep Taint
2 Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule因为这里搭建的是测试环境，去掉这个污点使node1参与工作负载：
1 kubectl taint nodes node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
2 node "node1" untainted8、测试保证所有pod都在Running状态
1 [root@K8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide
2 NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
3 default curl-66959f6557-6qvpz 1/1 Running 1 23h 10.244.0.6 k8s-master <none> <none>
4 default nginx-7cdbd8cdc9-nvkcl 1/1 Running 0 5h56m 10.244.1.2 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
5 kube-system coredns-78d4cf999f-2zg4q 1/1 Running 1 23h 10.244.0.5 k8s-master <none> <none>
6 kube-system coredns-78d4cf999f-snnkz 1/1 Running 1 23h 10.244.0.7 k8s-master <none> <none>
7 kube-system etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 2 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
8 kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 6 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
9 kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 7 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
10 kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-bb6m8 1/1 Running 1 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
11 kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-px2fv 1/1 Running 1 22h 192.168.1.101 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
12 kube-system kube-proxy-bfgq4 1/1 Running 2 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
13 kube-system kube-proxy-p2hqr 1/1 Running 1 22h 192.168.1.101 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
14 kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 7 23h 192.168.1.100 k8s-master <none> <none>
9、测试DNS
[root@K8s-master ~]# kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
#进入后执行nslookup kubernetes.default确认解析正常:
[ root@curl-66959f6557-6qvpz:/ ]$ nslookup kubernetes.default
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
[ root@curl-66959f6557-6qvpz:/ ]$
10、向Kubernetes集群中添加Node节点
1 [root@K8s-master ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.1.100:6443 --token istyp6.rzgpkpjpv0l3b5f8 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2ec77ce65a291770f6fcf42b60fc5b2200a8a381d46ce2b1bf7ec73310a95727 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
2
3 [preflight] running pre-flight checks
4 [WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh ip_vs] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs:{} ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{} ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{}]
5 you can solve this problem with following methods:
6 1. Run 'modprobe -- ' to load missing kernel modules;
7 2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support
8
9 [WARNING Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap
10 [discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "192.168.61.11:6443"
11 [discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://192.168.61.11:6443"
12 [discovery] Requesting info from "https://192.168.61.11:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
13 [discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "192.168.61.11:6443"
14 [discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "192.168.61.11:6443"
15 [kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.12" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
16 [kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
17 [kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
18 [preflight] Activating the kubelet service
19 [tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
20 [patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "node2" as an annotation
21
22 This node has joined the cluster:
23 * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
24 * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
25
26 Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
11、查看集群中的节点：
kubectl get nodes
NAM E STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 26m v1.13.4
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 2m v1.13.4
12、如果需要从集群中移除node2这个Node执行下面的命令：
在master节点上执行：
kubectl drain node1 --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
kubectl delete node node1在node1上执行：
1 kubeadm reset
2 ifconfig cni0 down
3 ip link delete cni0
4 ifconfig flannel.1 down
5 ip link delete flannel.1
6 rm -rf /var/lib/cni/由于时间有限，不保证没有意外会出错，请多多查阅相关技术文档，以保证正常运行。
原文出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/Smbands/p/10520142.html
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4298931/blog/3268192