ping命令以前是一个很好用并且常用的网络测试工具,它是基于ICMP协议,但是出于网络安全等因素,大部分网络环境以及云环境可能都会禁止ICMP协议,所以在工作中,我们必须掌握一些其他比较流行的网络测试工具,下面分别介绍tcpping、tcping、psping、hping、paping等几款网络测试工具。
关于ICMP概念:
ICMP是(Internet Control Message Protocol)Internet控制报文协议。它是TCP/IP协议族的一个子协议,用于在IP主机、路由器之间传递控制消息。控制消息是指网络通不通、主机是否可达、路由是否可用等网络本身的消息。这些控制消息虽然并不传输用户数据,但是对于用户数据的传递起着重要的作用。
tcpping介绍
tcpping工具工作在 TCP 层,通过发送伪造的 TCP SYN 包并侦听来自服务器或中间设备返回的 SYN/ACK 或 RST 。代码100多行,源代码在此链接http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping,tcpping需要调用tcptraceroute。打印与ping近乎相同测试结果,目前版本为V1.7,tcping的介绍参考链接http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping.html,这个是Richard van den Berg在2002年编写的,作者当时需要测量TCP往返时间。所以写了这个脚本。tcpping只支持Linux。不支持Windows平台。
tcpping安装
1:tcpping脚本依赖tcptraceroute组件,所以必须先安装tcptraceroute
#yum install tcptraceroute
2:下载tcpping文件
wget http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping
3:将tcpping文件移动到/usr/bin下并授权。
# mv tcpping /usr/bin/
# cd /usr/bin
# chmod 755 tcpping
tcpping测试
tcpping帮助信息。
# tcpping
tcpping v1.7 Richard van den Berg <richard@vdberg.org>
Usage: tcpping [-d] [-c] [-C] [-w sec] [-q num] [-x count] ipaddress [port]
-d print timestamp before every result
-c print a columned result line
-C print in the same format as fping's -C option
-w wait time in seconds (defaults to 3)
-r repeat every n seconds (defaults to 1)
-x repeat n times (defaults to unlimited)
See also: man tcptraceroute
参数 |
参数描述 |
-d |
在每个结果输出前打印时间戳 |
-c |
将结果输出在一列。 |
-C |
输出与fping的-C选项相同的打印格式 |
-w |
wait time in seconds (defaults to 3) |
-r |
-r n :每n秒重复一次(默认为1) |
-x |
重复n次(默认为无限制) |
tcping介绍
tcping也是通过tcp端口工作,tcping还能监听某个端口的状态,注意tcping与tcpping是不同的两款工具,另外tcping也有很多版本。如下所示:
来自 kirchner 源代码的 TCPing
来自 Eli Fulkerson 源代码的 TCPing
tcping安装
Windows平台:
从https://www.elifulkerson.com/projects/tcping.php下载该工具后。放到C:\Windows\System32目录下即可。无需安装。
Linux平台:
linux平台较多,安装方式也较多,当然最简单的莫过于yum安装。测试感觉Linux下的这款工具功能过于简单。
yum install tcping
tcping测试
Eli Fulkerson写的Windows下的tcping功能十分强大。参数多到不想去总结,实在是太多了,如果不清楚,每次使用的时候查看帮助文档即可。
C:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.com
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.444ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.574ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.965ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=4.074ms
Ping statistics for 140.205.172.20:80
4 probes sent.
4 successful, 0 failed.
Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2.444ms, Maximum = 4.074ms, Average = 3.014ms
C:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.com 80
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.731ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.126ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.916ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.609ms
Ping statistics for 140.205.172.20:80
4 probes sent.
4 successful, 0 failed.
Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2.126ms, Maximum = 2.916ms, Average = 2.595ms
C:\Users>
Linux:
Linux下的tcping命令功能非常简单,如下所示,感觉没有tcpping或Windows下的tcping功能强大。
Usage: tcping [-q] [-t timeout_sec] [-u timeout_usec] <host> <port>
[root@DB-Server ~]# tcping 192.168.27.57 1433
192.168.27.57 port 1433 open.
PsPing介绍
下面是官方文档以及Azure官方文档关于PsPing的介绍资料,这些介绍已经全面的阐述了PsPing这款工具:
PsPing implements Ping functionality, TCP ping, latency and bandwidth measurement. Use the following command-line options to show the usage for each test type:
通常,我们测试数据包能否通过IP协议到达特定主机时,都习惯使用 ping 命令。工作时用ping向目标主机发送一个 IMCP Echo 请求的数据包,并等待接收 Echo 响应数据包,通过响应时间和成功响应的次数来估算丢包率和网络时延。但是在 Azure 中ICMP包无法通过防火墙和负载均衡器,所以不能直接使用 ping 来测试 Azure 中的虚拟机和服务的连通性(VPN 和 Express Route 通道中的流量不经过负载均衡器,所以只要链路上的防火墙允许 ICMP 包传递,ping 依然可用)。
为了在 Azure 中进行连通性测试,例如测试 RDP、SSH 端口可用性,或者 HTTP、HTTPS 服务稳定性,甚至测试从 Azure 向外部服务的连接,我们都推荐使用 PsPing 或 PaPing。PsPing 是微软 PSTools 工具套件中的其中一个命令。除了ICMP ping 测试,它主要用来测试 TCP 端口的连通性,还可以测试 TCP/UDP 网络时延和带宽。不过, PsPing 只能在 Windows 中运行。如果您需要在 Linux 中发起 TCP 端口连通性和网路时延的测试,可以使用 PaPing 。PaPing 是一个跨平台的开源工具。它的功能相对 PsPing 而言更简单,只支持 TCP 端口的相关测试,不支持 UDP 端口的测试。
PsPing安装
PSTool工具包可以从微软官方网址下载:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sysinternals/downloads/psping 。 解压PSTools.zip包后,将psping.exe拷贝到C:\Windows\System32下,那么你在cmd命令窗口的任意目录都可以使用PsPing命令了。当然你也可以单独将 psping.exe 命令解压出来放在任意路径,然后从命令提示符来运行。只是这样就需要在运行命令前转换到psping.exe所在的路径。
PsPing参数
psping帮助信息查看,如下所示psping四个主要功能的帮助命令,四个功能分别是ICMP Ping、TCP Ping、延迟测试、带宽测试。
C:\Users>psping -? i
PsPing v2.01 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
ICMP ping usage: psping [[-6]|[-4]] [-h [buckets|<val1>,<val2>,...]] [-i <inter
al>] [-l <requestsize>[k|m] [-q] [-t|-n <count>] [-w <count>] <destination>
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-i Interval in seconds. Specify 0 for fast ping.
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of pings or append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-q Don't output during pings.
-t Ping until stopped with Ctrl+C and type Ctrl+Break
for statistics.
-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 1).
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
For high-speed ping tests use -q and -i 0.
参数 |
参数说明 |
-h |
输出直方图(默认步长数量为20) |
-i |
指定ping包的间隔秒数,快ping则设置为0 |
-l |
指定ping包大小,默认单位是byte。使用 k为单位代表kilobytes(KB),使用m为单位代表megabytes(MB) |
-n |
指定测试次数。还可以指定测试的时间长度,以秒为单位,使用时在数字后加上 s,例如“10s”; |
-q |
测试过程中不输出结果,结束后显示统计结果; |
-t |
类似于 ICMP 的长 ping 测试,直到按下 Ctrl+C 停止测试,并显示统计结果; |
-w |
热身次数,默认为 1 次; |
-4 |
强制使用 IPv4; |
-6 |
强制使用 IPv6; |
延迟测试多了参数-r,-u,-f
C:\Users>psping -? l
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP and UDP latency usage:
server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:port
client: psping -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u] [-w count] [-f] [-h [b
ckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-r Receive from the server instead of sending.
-u UDP (default is TCP).
-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 5).
-f Open source firewall port during the run.
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
-s Server listening address and port.
The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active until
you terminate it with Control-C.
参数 |
参数说明 |
-f |
Open source firewall port during the run.
|
-u |
使用UDP ping(默认是TCP) |
-h |
输出直方图(默认步长数量为20) |
-r |
从服务器接收代替发送。 |
-i |
指定ping包的间隔秒数,快ping则设置为0 |
-l |
指定ping包大小,默认单位是byte。使用 k为单位代表kilobytes(KB),使用m为单位代表megabytes(MB) |
-n |
指定测试次数。还可以指定测试的时间长度,以秒为单位,使用时在数字后加上 s,例如“10s”; |
-q |
测试过程中不输出结果,结束后显示统计结果; |
-t |
类似于 ICMP 的长 ping 测试,直到按下 Ctrl+C 停止测试,并显示统计结果; |
-w |
热身次数,默认为 5 次; |
-4 |
强制使用 IPv4; |
-6 |
强制使用 IPv6; |
-s |
服务器监听地址和端口 |
C:\Users>psping -? b
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP and UDP bandwidth usage:
server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:port
client: psping -b -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u [target]] [-i outstan
ding] [-w count] [-f] [-h [buckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port
-b Bandwidth test.
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-r Receive from the server instead of sending.
-u UDP (default is TCP). Specify target bandwidth in MB/s.
-i Number of outstanding I/Os (default is min of 16 and 2x CPU cores).
-w Warmup for the specified iterations (default is 2x CPU cores).
-f Open source firewall port during the run.
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
-s Server listening address and port.
The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active until
you terminate it with Control-C.
带宽测试多了-b、-i两个参数。如下所示:
-b 带宽测试
-i 未完成的I/O数量
PsPing测试案例
例子1,例如我要检查服务器的1433端口是否开放
例子2:网络时延测试
C:\Users>psping -n 6 -w 2 -h xxxxxx.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP connect to 139.219.130.35:1433:
8 iterations (warmup 2) ping test:
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57851: 36.10ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57852: 36.32ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57853: 40.33ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57854: 34.71ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57855: 35.60ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57856: 35.74ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57858: 40.21ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57859: 39.50ms
TCP connect statistics for 139.xxx.130.xxx:1433:
Sent = 6, Received = 6, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Minimum = 34.71ms, Maximum = 40.33ms, Average = 37.68ms
Latency Count
34.71 1
35.01 0
35.30 0
35.60 2
35.89 0
36.19 0
36.49 0
36.78 0
37.08 0
37.37 0
37.67 0
37.96 0
38.26 0
38.56 0
38.85 0
39.15 0
39.44 1
39.74 0
40.03 1
40.33 1
例子3:网络带宽测试
paping安装测试
paping的下载地址如下,它分Windows和Linux版本。
https://code.google.com/archive/p/paping/downloads
tar -xvf paping_1.5.5_x86-64_linux.tar.gz
解压到任意目录,就可以直接执行。另外paping命令对比psping命令,功能更简单、单一。它只有简单的4个参数。
-p, --port N 指定被测试服务的 TCP 端口(必须);
--nocolor 屏蔽彩色输出;
-t, --timeout 指定超时时长,单位为毫秒,默认值为 1000;
-c, --count N 指定测试次数。
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping -?
paping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike Lovell
Syntax: paping [options] destination
Options:
-?, --help display usage
-p, --port N set TCP port N (required)
--nocolor Disable color output
-t, --timeout timeout in milliseconds (default 1000)
-c, --count N set number of checks to N
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping --nocolor -p 80 -c 10 www.azure.cn
paping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike Lovell
Connecting to 1stcncloud.dtwscachev290.ourwebcdn.com [27.155.71.36] on TCP 80:
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.33ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.73ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.48ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.49ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.37ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.35ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.47ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.52ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connection statistics:
Attempted = 10, Connected = 10, Failed = 0 (0.00%)
Approximate connection times:
Minimum = 0.33ms, Maximum = 0.73ms, Average = 0.45ms
Hping介绍
Hping是一个命令行下使用的TCP/IP数据包组装/分析工具,其命令模式很像Unix下的ping命令,但是它不仅能发送ICMP回应请求,它还可以支持TCP、UDP、ICMP和RAW-IP协议,它有一个路由跟踪模式,能够在两个相互包含的通道之间传送文件。Hping常被用于检测网络和主机,其功能非常强大,可在多种操作系统下运行,如Linux,FreeBSD,NetBSD,OpenBSD,Solaris,MacOs X,Windows。 目前最新的版本为hping3
Hping的主要功能有:
1、防火墙测试
2、高级端口扫描
3、网络检测,可以用不同的协议、服务类型(TOS)、IP分片
4、手工探测MTU( 最大传输单元) 路径
5、先进的路由跟踪,支持所有的协议
6、远程操作系统探测
7、远程的运行时间探测
8、TCP/IP堆栈审计
Hping的官方网址为http://www.hping.org/,开发者为是Salvatore Sanfilippo,官方介绍资料如下:
hping is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer. The interface is inspired to the ping(8) unix command, but hping isn't only able to send ICMP echo requests. It supports TCP, UDP, ICMP and RAW-IP protocols, has a traceroute mode, the ability to send files between a covered channel, and many other features.
While hping was mainly used as a security tool in the past, it can be used in many ways by people that don't care about security to test networks and hosts. A subset of the stuff you can do using hping:
- · Firewall testing
- · Advanced port scanning
- · Network testing, using different protocols, TOS, fragmentation
- · Manual path MTU discovery
- · Advanced traceroute, under all the supported protocols
- · Remote OS fingerprinting
- · Remote uptime guessing
- · TCP/IP stacks auditing
- · hping can also be useful to students that are learning TCP/IP.
Hping works on the following unix-like systems: Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, MacOs X, Windows.
Hping安装
Hping这个项目在GitHub上,https://github.com/antirez/hping,可以直接从这里下载安装。另外如果yum源有安装程序,使用yum安装最方便、快捷。
yum install hping3
下面是官方文档的源码安装,不过源码安装需要依赖一些组件,想必yum安装麻烦很多:
Linux
-----
please, follows this steps:
$ ./configure (first try ./configure --help)
$ vi Makefile (optional)
$ make
$ su
# make install
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
------------------------
You will need the libpcap and the gmake utility installed on your system.
$ ./configure
$ gmake
$ su (or calife)
# gmake install
Hping测试
查看hping的帮助信息:
[root@DB-Server ~]# hping3 --help #或者hping --help
下面表格整理了部分参数信息,更多参数信息可以参考帮助文档或http://man.linuxde.net/hping
参数 |
参数说明 |
-h --help |
显示帮助信息 |
-v --version |
显示版本信息 |
-c --count |
指定发送包的次数 |
-i --interval --fast --faster --flood |
发送间隔时间(单位是毫秒) 缺省时间是1秒,此功能在增加传输率上很重要,在idle/spoofing扫描时此功能也会被用到,你可以参考hping-howto获得更多信息 -fast 每秒发10个数据包,与-i m100等同。表示间隔10毫秒发送一个数据包 --faster 每秒发送100个数据包 --flood 以最快的速度发送数据包。不显示答复 |
-n --numeric |
指定以数字形式输出 |
-q --quiet |
安静模式只输出开始结束信息 |
-I --interface |
interface name 无非就是eth0之类的网卡参数 |
-V --verbose |
显示更多信息 |
-D --debug |
进入DEBUG模式 |
-z --bind |
快捷键的使用 |
-Z --unbind |
消除快捷键 |
……………. |
………………….. |
#hping3 -S 192.168.27.57 -p 1433
HPING 192.168.27.57 (eth0 192.168.27.57): S set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=0 win=5840 rtt=31.4 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=1 win=5840 rtt=23.5 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10907 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=2 win=8192 rtt=20.4 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10908 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=3 win=8192 rtt=15.6 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=4 win=5840 rtt=15.5 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=5 win=5840 rtt=14.1 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=6 win=5840 rtt=14.4 ms
^C
--- 192.168.27.57 hping statistic ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 14.1/19.3/31.4 ms
个人感觉Hping是功能最强大的一款工具,可以测试防火墙功能、端口扫描、Idle扫描、拒绝服务攻击、木马功能,这篇hping3命令已经详细介绍了,而且有些测试不方便展示在此。在此略过细节。另外,工具再好,也需要可以掌握、驾驭工具的人。
参考资料:
https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/articles/azure-operations-guide/virtual-network/aog-virtual-network-tcp-psping-paping-connectivity
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psping
https://www.cmsky.com/tcping/
http://zhjwpku.com/2016/12/17/tcpping-hping-mtr.html
https://www.slashroot.in/what-tcp-ping-and-how-it-usedyouy