安卓ExpandableListView的详细使用教程(附代码解析过程)

心已入冬 提交于 2020-09-28 01:41:48

一、实现效果

  ExpandableListView又称可扩展的ListView,简单来说长这个样:
在这里插入图片描述
每一个一级布局下面又可以展开二级布局

二、实现步骤

使用ExpandableListView主要有三个步骤:

  1. 编写父布局
  2. 编写子布局
  3. 适配器的书写

1.编写父布局parent.xml

  父布局其实很简单,就是两个并排的TextView,用于展示课程名字和分数:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#F0F3F6"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <LinearLayout
        style="@style/bg_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_margin="1dp"
        android:clickable="false">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_course_name"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="4"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:paddingBottom="8dp"
            android:paddingLeft="30dp"
            android:paddingTop="8dp"
            android:text="课程名"
            android:textColor="#000"
            android:textSize="16sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_mark"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:paddingBottom="8dp"
            android:paddingTop="8dp"
            android:text="等级"
            android:textColor="#333"
            android:textSize="16sp" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

2.编写子布局child.xml

  子布局就是多个TextView列在一起,用于展示成绩的详细信息:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#F0F0F0"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="7dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_xn"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_xq"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_course_code"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_course_nature"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_credit"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_gpa"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_college"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_class"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_teacher"
        style="@style/item_child_grade" />


</LinearLayout>

3.编写适配器类GradeAdapter

  一般适用于ExpandableListView的Adapter都要继承BaseExpandableListAdapter这个类,并且必须重载getGroupView和getChildView这两个最为重要的方法。

  1. getGroupView(),返回外面那层布局的视图,也就是各种课程的名称以及分数:在这里插入图片描述

  2. getChildView(),返回子布局里面的视图,也就是每门学科的详细信息:在这里插入图片描述

GradeAdapter的详细代码为:

package com.example.edm.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import androidx.cardview.widget.CardView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.BaseExpandableListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.edm.R;
import com.example.edm.Student.Grade;

import java.util.List;


public class GradeAdapter extends BaseExpandableListAdapter {
    private Context context;
    private List<Grade> list;

    public GradeAdapter(Context context, List<Grade> list) {
        this.context = context;
        this.list = list;

    }


    @Override
    //获取分组个数
    public int getGroupCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    @Override
    //分组中子选项个数为1
    public int getChildrenCount(int i) {
        return 1;
    }

    @Override
    //获取指定分组数据
    public Object getGroup(int i) {
        return list.get(i);
    }

    @Override
    //获取指定子选项数据
    public Object getChild(int i, int j) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    //获取指定分组的id
    public long getGroupId(int i) {
        return i;
    }

    @Override
    public long getChildId(int i, int i1) {
        return i1;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasStableIds() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public View getGroupView(int i, boolean b, View convertView, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
        View view;
        GroupHolder groupHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            //父布局
            view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.parent, null);
            groupHolder = new GroupHolder();
            groupHolder.tv_course_name = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_course_name); //课程名
            groupHolder.tv_mark = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_mark);   //成绩
            view.setTag(groupHolder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            groupHolder = (GroupHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        groupHolder.tv_course_name.setText(list.get(i).getCourse_name());
        groupHolder.tv_mark.setText(list.get(i).getMark());
        return view;
    }

    public View getChildView(int i, int i1, boolean b, View convertView, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
        View view;
        ChildHolder childHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.child, null);
            childHolder = new ChildHolder();
            childHolder.tv_xn = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_xn);
            childHolder.tv_xq =  view.findViewById(R.id.tv_xq);
            childHolder.tv_course_code =  view.findViewById(R.id.tv_course_code);
            childHolder.tv_course_nature =  view.findViewById(R.id.tv_course_nature);
            childHolder.tv_credit =  view.findViewById(R.id.tv_credit);
            childHolder.tv_gpa =  view.findViewById(R.id.tv_gpa);;
            childHolder.tv_college = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_college);
            childHolder.tv_class = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_class);
            childHolder.tv_teacher = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_teacher);

            view.setTag(childHolder);

        } else {
            view = convertView;
            childHolder = (ChildHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        childHolder.tv_xn.setText("学年:" + list.get(i).getXn());
        childHolder.tv_xq.setText("学期:" + list.get(i).getXq());
        childHolder.tv_course_code.setText("课程代码:" + list.get(i).getCourse_code());
        childHolder.tv_course_nature.setText("课程性质:" + list.get(i).getCourse_nature());
        childHolder.tv_credit.setText("学分:" + list.get(i).getCredit());
        childHolder.tv_gpa.setText("绩点:" + list.get(i).getGpa());
        childHolder.tv_college.setText("开课学院:" + list.get(i).getCollege());
        childHolder.tv_class.setText("教学班:" + list.get(i).getClass_());
        childHolder.tv_teacher.setText("任课教师:" + list.get(i).getTeacher());

        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isChildSelectable(int i, int i1) {
        return false;
    }

    static class GroupHolder {
        TextView tv_course_name;
        TextView tv_mark;
    }

    static class ChildHolder {
        TextView tv_xn;
        TextView tv_xq;
        TextView tv_course_code;
        TextView tv_course_nature;
        TextView tv_credit;
        TextView tv_gpa;
        TextView tv_college;
        TextView tv_class;
        TextView tv_teacher;
    }
}

三、解析适配器类

  适配器类有一个私有列表变量,列表的类型为Grade,Grade是一个封装好的关于成绩信息的类,Grade.java代码为:

package com.example.edm.Student;

public class Grade {
    private String xn;   //学年
    private String xq;    //学期
    private String course_code;   //课程代码
    private String course_name;   //课程名字
    private String course_nature;  //课程性质
    private String credit;   //学分
    private String gpa;   //绩点
    private String mark;    //分数
    private String grade_nature;  //成绩性质
    private String class_;  //教学班
    private String teacher; //老师

    public String getXn() {
        return xn;
    }

    public void setXn(String xn) {
        this.xn = xn;
    }

    public String getXq() {
        return xq;
    }

    public void setXq(String xq) {
        this.xq = xq;
    }

    public String getCourse_code() {
        return course_code;
    }

    public void setCourse_code(String course_code) {
        this.course_code = course_code;
    }

    public String getCourse_name() {
        return course_name;
    }

    public void setCourse_name(String course_name) {
        this.course_name = course_name;
    }

    public String getCourse_nature() {
        return course_nature;
    }

    public void setCourse_nature(String course_nature) {
        this.course_nature = course_nature;
    }

    public String getCredit() {
        return credit;
    }

    public void setCredit(String credit) {
        this.credit = credit;
    }

    public String getGpa() {
        return gpa;
    }

    public void setGpa(String gpa) {
        this.gpa = gpa;
    }

    public String getMark() {
        return mark;
    }

    public void setMark(String mark) {
        this.mark = mark;
    }
    
    public String getCollege() {
        return college;
    }

    public void setCollege(String college) {
        this.college = college;
    }

    public String getClass_() { return class_; }

    public void setClass_(String class_) {
        this.class_ = class_;
    }

    public String getTeacher() { return teacher; }

    public void setTeacher(String teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}

里面包含设置和获取每种信息的方法。

  getGroupView和getChildView两个方法我举getGroupView来详细讲解:

public View getGroupView(int i, boolean b, View convertView, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
        View view;
        GroupHolder groupHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            //父布局
            view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.parente, null);
            groupHolder = new GroupHolder();
            groupHolder.tv_course_name = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_course_name); //课程名
            groupHolder.tv_mark = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_mark);   //成绩
            view.setTag(groupHolder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            groupHolder = (GroupHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        groupHolder.tv_course_name.setText(list.get(i).getCourse_name());
        groupHolder.tv_mark.setText(list.get(i).getMark());
        return view;
 }
view = View.inflate(context, R.layout.parent, null);

这句代码作用为设置外面布局为我们编写的parent.xml, 但现在里面还没有数据。
  我们定义了一个GroupHolder来保存这些数据:

static class GroupHolder {
     TextView tv_course_name;
     TextView tv_mark;
}

里面包含了父布局的所有数据属性,我们在getGroupView中初始化这些变量,这些变量的数据都保存在list里面,都在我们初始化GradeAdapter时传进来。

groupHolder = new GroupHolder();
groupHolder.tv_course_name = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_course_name); //课程名
groupHolder.tv_mark = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_mark);   //成绩

设置groupHolder的各种值:

groupHolder.tv_course_name.setText(list.get(i).getCourse_name());
groupHolder.tv_mark.setText(list.get(i).getMark());

附上主界面GradeActivity代码:

String year = schoolYear.getText().toString();
String semester_ = semester.getText().toString();
String course_nature = course.getText().toString();
if(year.equals("学年")) {
    ToastUtil.showMessage(this,"请选择学年!");
}else if(semester_.equals("学期")) {
    ToastUtil.showMessage(this, "请选择学期!");
}else if(course_nature.equals("课程性质")) {
    ToastUtil.showMessage(this, "请选择课程性质!");
}else {
 //开始查询成绩并显示
    try {
        String year_ = year.substring(0, 4);
        ArrayList<Grade> list = connectJWGL.getStudentGrade(Integer.parseInt(year_), Integer.parseInt(semester_), course_nature);
       if (list.size() == 0) {
           ToastUtil.showMessage(this, "没有查到记录!");
       }else {
           for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); ++i) {
               list.get(i).setXn(year);
               list.get(i).setXq(semester_);
           }
           expand_lv.setAdapter(new GradeAdapter(this, list));
        }

     } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }
}

  这一步涉及到一些网络爬虫的知识,大家在用这个demo的时候只要自己定义一个list,然后在里面手动添加一些数据就好了。核心代码为:

expand_lv.setAdapter(new GradeAdapter(this, list));

list里面已经包含了所有我们需要的信息。
  布局代码也很简单,只要有一个ExpandableListView就好了:

 <ExpandableListView
        android:id="@+id/expand_lv"
        android:layout_margin="1dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#F0F3F6"
        android:divider="@null">
 </ExpandableListView>
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