Leetcode142. Linked List Cycle II
Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.
To represent a cycle in the given linked list, we use an integer pos which represents the position (0-indexed) in the linked list where tail connects to. If pos is -1, then there is no cycle in the linked list.
Note: Do not modify the linked list.
Example 1:
Input: head = [3,2,0,-4], pos = 1
Output: tail connects to node index 1
Explanation: There is a cycle in the linked list, where tail connects to the second node.
Example 2:
Input: head = [1,2], pos = 0
Output: tail connects to node index 0
Explanation: There is a cycle in the linked list, where tail connects to the first node.
Example 3:
Input: head = [1], pos = -1
Output: no cycle
Explanation: There is no cycle in the linked list.
判断是否有环,如果有那需要找到环的入口点
解法一 哈希表
public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
HashSet<ListNode> set = new HashSet<>();
while (head != null) {
set.add(head);
head = head.next;
if (set.contains(head)) {
return head;
}
}
return null;
}
解法二 快慢指针
设两指针 fast
,slow
指向链表头部 head
,fast
每轮走 2 步,slow
每轮走 1 步;链表头部到链表环入口有a
个节点(不计链表环入口节点),链表环有b
个节点。(注意a
,b
都是未知量)
① fast
指针走过链表末端,说明链表无环。若有环,两指针一定会相遇。因为每走 1 轮,fast 与 slow 的间距 +1。
② 两指针在环中第一次相遇,设此时两指针分别走了f
,s
步
fast
走的步数是slow
步数的 2 倍:f = 2s
fast
比slow
多走了n
个环的长度:f = s + nb
(双指针都走过a
步,然后在环内绕圈直到重合,重合时fast
比slow
多走了环的长度整数倍)- 两式相减,得到
s = nb
,f = 2nb
。即fast
和slow
指针分别走了2n
,n
个环的周长(n
是未知数)
一个重要结论:任何一个指针从链表头部开始向前走,当它每次走到链表入口节点时,它所走过的步数
k = a + nb
(先走a
步到入口节点,之后每绕 1 圈环(b
步)都会再次到入口节点)。
③ 两指针第一次相遇时,slow
指针已经走过了nb
步,所以我们只要让 slow
再走 a
步停下来,就可以到环的入口。但是问题是a
是未知数,需要找到一个条件来证明snow
刚好走过了a
步,发现从链表头部开始走到链表环的入口刚好是a
步。
slow
指针位置不变 ,将fast
指针重新指向链表头部节点 ;slow
和fast
同时每轮向前走 1 步。- 当
fast
指针走到f = a
步时,slow
指针走到步s = a+nb
,此时两指针重合,并同时指向链表环入口 。
④ 返回slow
指针指向的节点
- 时间复杂度:
- 空间复杂度:
public class Solution {
public ListNode detectCycle(ListNode head) {
ListNode fast = head, slow = head;
while (true) {
if (fast == null || fast.next == null) return null;
fast = fast.next.next;
slow = slow.next;
if (fast == slow) break;
}
fast = head;
while (slow != fast) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next;
}
return fast;
}
}
来源:CSDN
作者:magic_jiayu
链接:https://blog.csdn.net/magic_jiayu/article/details/104318354