KVC

纵饮孤独 提交于 2020-02-02 19:11:50

Key-Value coding 键值编码
允许开发者通过Key直接访问对象的属性,或给对象的属性赋值
就可以在运行时动态的访问和修改对象的属性,而不是编译时

  • KVC设值
  • KVC取值
  • KVC使用keyPath
  • KVC处理异常
  • KVC处理数值和结构体类型属性
  • KVC键值验证(Key-Value Validation)
  • KVC处理集合
  • KVC处理字典

KVC设值

设值

KVC取值

取值

KVC使用keyPath

这里举个例子:
@interface Test1: NSObject {
    NSString *_name;
}
@end
----------------------------------
@interface Test: NSObject {
    Test1 *_test1;
}
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Test *test = [[Test alloc] init];//Test生成对象
        Test1 *test1 = [[Test1 alloc] init];//Test1生成对象
        [test setValue:test1 forKey:@"test1"];//通过KVC设值test的"test1"
        [test setValue:@"xiaoming" forKeyPath:@"test1.name"];//通过KVC设值test的"test1的name"
        NSLog(@"test的\"test1的name\"是%@", [test valueForKeyPath:@"test1.name"]);//通过KVC取值age打印
    }
    return 0;
}
//打印结果:
test的"test1的name"是xiaoming

通过keyPath设置了,test1的值
KVC对于keyPath的搜索机制第一步就是分离key
用小数点分割key
再像普通key原因按照先前的顺序搜索下去

处理异常

  1. 处理nil异常
    不能向非对象传递nil值
    否则KVC会调用setNilValueForKey:抛出异常,所以重写此方法
@interface Test: NSObject {
    NSUInteger age;
}
@end
@implementation Test
- (void)setNilValueForKey:(NSString *)key {
    NSLog(@"不能将%@设成nil", key);
}
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Test *test = [[Test alloc] init];//Test生成对象
        [test setValue:nil forKey:@"age"];//通过KVC设值test的age//*******
        NSLog(@"test的年龄是%@", [test valueForKey:@"age"]);//通过KVC取值age打印
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
KVCKVO[35470:6258307] 不能将age设成nil
KVCKVO[35470:6258307] test的年龄是0
  1. 处理Undefined异常
    不能向不存在的Key进行操作
    否则KVC报错forUndefinedKey,发生崩溃,所以重写此方法
@interface Test: NSObject {
}
@end
@implementation Test
- (id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key {
    NSLog(@"1出现异常,该key不存在%@",key);
    return nil;
}
- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key {
    NSLog(@"2出现异常,该key不存在%@", key);
}
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {        
        Test *test = [[Test alloc] init];//Test生成对象
        [test setValue:@10 forKey:@"age"];//通过KVC设值test的age
        NSLog(@"test的年龄是%@", [test valueForKey:@"age"]);//通过KVC取值age打印        
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
KVCKVO[35487:6277523] 2出现异常,该key不存在age
KVCKVO[35487:6277523] 1出现异常,该key不存在age
KVCKVO[35487:6277523] test的年龄是(null)

KVC处理数值和结构体类型属性

KVC中方法valueForKey:返回一个“ID类型的对象”,不论原本的变量类型是数值或是结构体,最后返回时都会封装成NSNumber或者NSValue类型
但setValue:forKey:不可以,需要手动将值类型或者结构体转换成NSNumber或者NSValue类型

//valueForKey:
NSLog(@"age = %@",[person valueForKey:@"age"]);//此时打印出来的为NSnumber类型

//setValue:forKey:
[person setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:5] forKey:@"age"];

KVC键值验证(Key-Value Validation)

KVC所提供的“验证Key对应的Value是否可以用”的方法
- (BOOL)validateValue:(inoutid*)ioValue forKey:(NSString*)inKey error:(outNSError**)outError;

举个例子:
@interface Test: NSObject {
    NSUInteger _age;
}
@end
@implementation Test
- (BOOL)validateValue:(inout id  _Nullable __autoreleasing *)ioValue forKey:(NSString *)inKey error:(out NSError * _Nullable __autoreleasing *)outError {
    NSNumber *age = *ioValue;
    if (age.integerValue == 10) {
        return NO;
    }
    return YES;
}
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Test *test = [[Test alloc] init];//Test生成对象
        NSNumber *age = @10;
        NSError* error;
        NSString *key = @"age";
        BOOL isValid = [test validateValue:&age forKey:key error:&error];
        if (isValid) {
            NSLog(@"键值匹配");
            [test setValue:age forKey:key];//通过KVC设值test的age
        }
        else {
            NSLog(@"键值不匹配");
        }
        NSLog(@"test的年龄是%@", [test valueForKey:@"age"]);//通过KVC取值age打印
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
KVCKVO[35777:6329982] 键值不匹配
KVCKVO[35777:6329982] test的年龄是0

作用:多一次纠错的计划。但是,KVC不会自动调用验证方法。需要手动调用

KVC处理集合运算符

简单集合运算符:@avg,@count,@max,@min,@sum
对象运算符(返回值都是NSArray):@distinctUnionOfObjects(元素唯一),@unionOfObjects(未去重)

@interface Book : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, assign)  CGFloat price;
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Book *book1 = [Book new]; book1.price = 10;
        Book *book2 = [Book new]; book2.price = 20;
        Book *book3 = [Book new]; book3.price = 30;
       Book *book4 = [Book new]; book4.price = 40;
        
        NSArray* arrBooks = @[book1,book2,book3,book4];
        
        NSNumber* sum = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.price"];
        NSLog(@"sum:%f",sum.floatValue);
        NSNumber* avg = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@avg.price"];
        NSLog(@"avg:%f",avg.floatValue);
        NSNumber* count = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@count"];
        NSLog(@"count:%f",count.floatValue);
        NSNumber* min = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@min.price"];
        NSLog(@"min:%f",min.floatValue);
        NSNumber* max = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@max.price"];
        NSLog(@"max:%f",max.floatValue);
        NSArray* arrDistinct = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@distinctUnionOfObjects.price"];
        NSArray* arrUnion = [arrBooks valueForKeyPath:@"@unionOfObjects.price"];
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
sum:100.000000
avg:25.000000
count:4.000000
min:10.000000
max:40.000000

KVC处理字典

关于两个方法的使用:

- (NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:(NSArray<NSString *> *)keys;输入一组key,返回对应的属性,再组成一个字典
- (void)setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)keyedValues;用来修改调用方对应的key的属性

例子:
@interface Address : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy)NSString* country;
@property (nonatomic, copy)NSString* province;
@end

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        //模型转字典
        Address* add = [Address new];
        add.country = @"China";
        add.province = @"Guang Dong";
        NSArray* arr = @[@"country",@"province"];
        NSDictionary* dict = [add dictionaryWithValuesForKeys:arr]; //把对应key所有的属性全部取出来
        NSLog(@"%@",dict);
        
        //字典转模型
        NSDictionary* modifyDict = @{@"country":@"USA",@"province":@"california"};
        [add setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:modifyDict];//用key Value来修改Model的属性
        NSLog(@"country:%@  province:%@ city:%@",add.country,add.province);
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
{
country = China;
province = "Guang Dong";
}
country:USA province:california

最后补充:
对于valueForKey:方法
将key传递给容器中每一个对象,而不是容器本身
再将结果返回

例子:
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSArray* arrStr = @[@"english"];
        NSArray* arrCapStr = [arrStr valueForKey:@"capitalizedString"];
        for (NSString* str  in arrCapStr) {
            NSLog(@"%@",str);
        }
        NSArray* arrCapStrLength = [arrStr valueForKeyPath:@"capitalizedString.length"];
        for (NSNumber* length  in arrCapStrLength) {
            NSLog(@"%ld",(long)length.integerValue);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
打印结果:
KVCKVO[35824:6395514] English//将首字母进行大写
KVCKVO[35824:6395514] 7//返回字符串长度
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