问题
I'm using pyramid 1.5.1 and python 3.2, and I just added quite a bit of code and a couple libraries to my project.
On running development.ini, I'm getting the error below.
If I had to take a wild guess, I would say that this particular library (looks like Markupsafe?) isn't compatible with Python3...but the project page seems to indicate that it is. Problem is, I'm not calling this library directly, it's being used by another library that would be very difficult to replace.
I'm new to Python programming, and I was wondering what my options are here Or what the best way to debug is?
(finance-env)user1@finance1:/var/www/finance/corefinance/corefinance$ /var/www/finance/finance-env/bin/pserve /var/www/finance/corefinance/development.ini --reload
Starting subprocess with file monitor
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/bin/pserve", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('pyramid==1.5.1', 'console_scripts', 'pserve')()
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/scripts/pserve.py", line 51, in main
return command.run()
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/scripts/pserve.py", line 316, in run
global_conf=vars)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/scripts/pserve.py", line 340, in loadapp
return loadapp(app_spec, name=name, relative_to=relative_to, **kw)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 247, in loadapp
return loadobj(APP, uri, name=name, **kw)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 272, in loadobj
return context.create()
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 710, in create
return self.object_type.invoke(self)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/paste/deploy/loadwsgi.py", line 146, in invoke
return fix_call(context.object, context.global_conf, **context.local_conf)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/paste/deploy/util.py", line 55, in fix_call
val = callable(*args, **kw)
File "/var/www/finance/corefinance/corefinance/__init__.py", line 35, in main
session_factory=session_factory
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 301, in __init__
exceptionresponse_view=exceptionresponse_view,
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 412, in setup_registry
self.include(inc)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 755, in include
c(configurator)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-2.1-py3.2.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/__init__.py", line 113, in includeme
config.include('pyramid_mako')
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 727, in include
c = self.maybe_dotted(callable)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/config/__init__.py", line 825, in maybe_dotted
return self.name_resolver.maybe_resolve(dotted)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/path.py", line 320, in maybe_resolve
return self._resolve(dotted, package)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/path.py", line 327, in _resolve
return self._zope_dottedname_style(dotted, package)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid/path.py", line 370, in _zope_dottedname_style
found = __import__(used)
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/pyramid_mako-1.0.2-py3.2.egg/pyramid_mako/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/Mako-1.0.0-py3.2.egg/mako/lookup.py", line 9, in <module>
from mako.template import Template
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/Mako-1.0.0-py3.2.egg/mako/template.py", line 10, in <module>
from mako.lexer import Lexer
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/Mako-1.0.0-py3.2.egg/mako/lexer.py", line 11, in <module>
from mako import parsetree, exceptions, compat
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/Mako-1.0.0-py3.2.egg/mako/parsetree.py", line 9, in <module>
from mako import exceptions, ast, util, filters, compat
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/Mako-1.0.0-py3.2.egg/mako/filters.py", line 38, in <module>
import markupsafe
File "/var/www/finance/finance-env/lib/python3.2/site-packages/MarkupSafe-0.23-py3.2-linux-x86_64.egg/markupsafe/__init__.py", line 70
def __new__(cls, base=u'', encoding=None, errors='strict'):
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
回答1:
The MarkupSafe package uses syntax only supported by Python 3.3 and up. Python 3.2 is not supported anymore as of version 0.16.
The u'unicode' literal syntax was introduced in PEP 414 to make it easier to create library code that can support both Python 2 and 3.
Either upgrade to Python 3.3 (or 3.4 even), or downgrade MarkupSafe to 0.15, the last version to support Python 3.2.
I do see that Mako removes the MarkupSafe dependency when you are using Python 3.2; if nothing else depends on it is perhaps safe to remove the package altogether. The mako.filter source code certainly will fall back to a local implementation if the package is not installed.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24391440/syntax-error-in-a-python-library-and-im-not-sure-how-to-proceed