问题
I'm having trouble rearranging the following data frame:
set.seed(45)
dat1 <- data.frame(
name = rep(c("firstName", "secondName"), each=4),
numbers = rep(1:4, 2),
value = rnorm(8)
)
dat1
name numbers value
1 firstName 1 0.3407997
2 firstName 2 -0.7033403
3 firstName 3 -0.3795377
4 firstName 4 -0.7460474
5 secondName 1 -0.8981073
6 secondName 2 -0.3347941
7 secondName 3 -0.5013782
8 secondName 4 -0.1745357
I want to reshape it so that each unique "name" variable is a rowname, with the "values" as observations along that row and the "numbers" as colnames. Sort of like this:
name 1 2 3 4
1 firstName 0.3407997 -0.7033403 -0.3795377 -0.7460474
5 secondName -0.8981073 -0.3347941 -0.5013782 -0.1745357
I've looked at melt and cast and a few other things, but none seem to do the job.
回答1:
Using reshape function:
reshape(dat1, idvar = "name", timevar = "numbers", direction = "wide")
回答2:
The new (in 2014) tidyr package also does this simply, with gather()/spread() being the terms for melt/cast.
Edit: Now, in 2019, tidyr v 1.0 has launched and set spread and gather on a deprecation path, preferring instead pivot_wider and pivot_longer, which you can find described in this answer. Read on if you want a brief glimpse into the brief life of spread/gather.
library(tidyr)
spread(dat1, key = numbers, value = value)
From github,
tidyris a reframing ofreshape2designed to accompany the tidy data framework, and to work hand-in-hand withmagrittranddplyrto build a solid pipeline for data analysis.Just as
reshape2did less than reshape,tidyrdoes less thanreshape2. It's designed specifically for tidying data, not the general reshaping thatreshape2does, or the general aggregation that reshape did. In particular, built-in methods only work for data frames, andtidyrprovides no margins or aggregation.
回答3:
You can do this with the reshape() function, or with the melt() / cast() functions in the reshape package. For the second option, example code is
library(reshape)
cast(dat1, name ~ numbers)
Or using reshape2
library(reshape2)
dcast(dat1, name ~ numbers)
回答4:
Another option if performance is a concern is to use data.table's extension of reshape2's melt & dcast functions
(Reference: Efficient reshaping using data.tables)
library(data.table)
setDT(dat1)
dcast(dat1, name ~ numbers, value.var = "value")
# name 1 2 3 4
# 1: firstName 0.1836433 -0.8356286 1.5952808 0.3295078
# 2: secondName -0.8204684 0.4874291 0.7383247 0.5757814
And, as of data.table v1.9.6 we can cast on multiple columns
## add an extra column
dat1[, value2 := value * 2]
## cast multiple value columns
dcast(dat1, name ~ numbers, value.var = c("value", "value2"))
# name value_1 value_2 value_3 value_4 value2_1 value2_2 value2_3 value2_4
# 1: firstName 0.1836433 -0.8356286 1.5952808 0.3295078 0.3672866 -1.6712572 3.190562 0.6590155
# 2: secondName -0.8204684 0.4874291 0.7383247 0.5757814 -1.6409368 0.9748581 1.476649 1.1515627
回答5:
Using your example dataframe, we could:
xtabs(value ~ name + numbers, data = dat1)
回答6:
Other two options:
Base package:
df <- unstack(dat1, form = value ~ numbers)
rownames(df) <- unique(dat1$name)
df
sqldf package:
library(sqldf)
sqldf('SELECT name,
MAX(CASE WHEN numbers = 1 THEN value ELSE NULL END) x1,
MAX(CASE WHEN numbers = 2 THEN value ELSE NULL END) x2,
MAX(CASE WHEN numbers = 3 THEN value ELSE NULL END) x3,
MAX(CASE WHEN numbers = 4 THEN value ELSE NULL END) x4
FROM dat1
GROUP BY name')
回答7:
Using base R aggregate function:
aggregate(value ~ name, dat1, I)
# name value.1 value.2 value.3 value.4
#1 firstName 0.4145 -0.4747 0.0659 -0.5024
#2 secondName -0.8259 0.1669 -0.8962 0.1681
回答8:
There's very powerful new package from genius data scientists at Win-Vector (folks that made vtreat, seplyr and replyr) called cdata. It implements "coordinated data" principles described in this document and also in this blog post. The idea is that regardless how you organize your data, it should be possible to identify individual data points using a system of "data coordinates". Here's a excerpt from the recent blog post by John Mount:
The whole system is based on two primitives or operators cdata::moveValuesToRowsD() and cdata::moveValuesToColumnsD(). These operators have pivot, un-pivot, one-hot encode, transpose, moving multiple rows and columns, and many other transforms as simple special cases.
It is easy to write many different operations in terms of the cdata primitives. These operators can work-in memory or at big data scale (with databases and Apache Spark; for big data use the cdata::moveValuesToRowsN() and cdata::moveValuesToColumnsN() variants). The transforms are controlled by a control table that itself is a diagram of (or picture of) the transform.
We will first build the control table (see blog post for details) and then perform the move of data from rows to columns.
library(cdata)
# first build the control table
pivotControlTable <- buildPivotControlTableD(table = dat1, # reference to dataset
columnToTakeKeysFrom = 'numbers', # this will become column headers
columnToTakeValuesFrom = 'value', # this contains data
sep="_") # optional for making column names
# perform the move of data to columns
dat_wide <- moveValuesToColumnsD(tallTable = dat1, # reference to dataset
keyColumns = c('name'), # this(these) column(s) should stay untouched
controlTable = pivotControlTable# control table above
)
dat_wide
#> name numbers_1 numbers_2 numbers_3 numbers_4
#> 1 firstName 0.3407997 -0.7033403 -0.3795377 -0.7460474
#> 2 secondName -0.8981073 -0.3347941 -0.5013782 -0.1745357
回答9:
The base reshape function works perfectly fine:
df <- data.frame(
year = c(rep(2000, 12), rep(2001, 12)),
month = rep(1:12, 2),
values = rnorm(24)
)
df_wide <- reshape(df, idvar="year", timevar="month", v.names="values", direction="wide", sep="_")
df_wide
Where
idvaris the column of classes that separates rowstimevaris the column of classes to cast widev.namesis the column containing numeric valuesdirectionspecifies wide or long format- the optional
separgument is the separator used in betweentimevarclass names andv.namesin the outputdata.frame.
If no idvar exists, create one before using the reshape() function:
df$id <- c(rep("year1", 12), rep("year2", 12))
df_wide <- reshape(df, idvar="id", timevar="month", v.names="values", direction="wide", sep="_")
df_wide
Just remember that idvar is required! The timevar and v.names part is easy. The output of this function is more predictable than some of the others, as everything is explicitly defined.
回答10:
With the devel version of tidyr ‘0.8.3.9000’, there is pivot_wider and pivot_longer which is generalized to do the reshaping (long -> wide, wide -> long, respectively) from 1 to multiple columns. Using the OP's data
-single column long -> wide
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
dat1 %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = numbers, values_from = value)
# A tibble: 2 x 5
# name `1` `2` `3` `4`
# <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#1 firstName 0.341 -0.703 -0.380 -0.746
#2 secondName -0.898 -0.335 -0.501 -0.175
-> created another column for showing the functionality
dat1 %>%
mutate(value2 = value * 2) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = numbers, values_from = c("value", "value2"))
# A tibble: 2 x 9
# name value_1 value_2 value_3 value_4 value2_1 value2_2 value2_3 value2_4
# <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#1 firstName 0.341 -0.703 -0.380 -0.746 0.682 -1.41 -0.759 -1.49
#2 secondName -0.898 -0.335 -0.501 -0.175 -1.80 -0.670 -1.00 -0.349
回答11:
much easier way!
devtools::install_github("yikeshu0611/onetree") #install onetree package
library(onetree)
widedata=reshape_toWide(data = dat1,id = "name",j = "numbers",value.var.prefix = "value")
widedata
name value1 value2 value3 value4
firstName 0.3407997 -0.7033403 -0.3795377 -0.7460474
secondName -0.8981073 -0.3347941 -0.5013782 -0.1745357
if you want to go back from wide to long, only change Wide to Long, and no changes in objects.
reshape_toLong(data = widedata,id = "name",j = "numbers",value.var.prefix = "value")
name numbers value
firstName 1 0.3407997
secondName 1 -0.8981073
firstName 2 -0.7033403
secondName 2 -0.3347941
firstName 3 -0.3795377
secondName 3 -0.5013782
firstName 4 -0.7460474
secondName 4 -0.1745357
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31159229/reshape-from-long-to-wide