sed - comment a matching line and x lines after it

问题

I need help with using sed to comment a matching lines and 4 lines which follows it. in a text file.

my text file is like this:

[myprocess-a]
property1=1
property2=2
property3=3
property4=4

[anotherprocess-b]
property1=gffgg
property3=gjdl
property2=red
property4=djfjf

[myprocess-b]
property1=1
property4=4
property2=2
property3=3

I want to prefix # to all the lines having text '[myprocess' and 4 lines that follows it expected output:

#[myprocess-a]
#property1=1
#property2=2
#property3=3
#property4=4

[anotherprocess-b]
property1=gffgg
property3=gjdl
property2=red
property4=djfjf

#[myprocess-b]
#property1=1
#property4=4
#property2=2
#property3=3

Greatly appreciate your help on this.

回答1:

You can do this by applying a regular expression to a set of lines:

sed -e '/myprocess/,+4 s/^/#/' 

This matches lines with 'myprocess' and the 4 lines after them. For those 4 lines it then inserts a '#' at the beginning of the line.

(I think this might be a GNU extension - it's not in any of the "sed one liner" cheatsheets I know)

回答2:

sed '/\[myprocess/ { N;N;N;N; s/^/#/gm }' input_file

回答3:

Using string concatenation and default action in awk.
http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Concatenation.html

awk '/myprocess/{f=1} f>5{f=0} f{f++; $0="#" $0} 1'  foo.txt

or if the block always ends with empty line

awk '/myprocess/{f=1} !NF{f=0} f{$0="#" $0} 1'  foo.txt

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11703900/sed-comment-a-matching-line-and-x-lines-after-it