Numeric literals prepended with `0`

Question

Using insert, I push values to an Array as:

myarray=[22,33,44]
myarray.insert(0,02)
# => [2,22,33,44]

If do the following, I get:

myarray.insert(0,020)
# => [16,2,22,33,44]

020 becomes 16? If I do the following, I get:

myarray.insert(0,0200)
# => [128,16,2,22,33,44]

0200 becomes 128? May I know the reason for this?

Answer 1

If the number has a zero in front of it, ruby treats it as an octal number (base 8)

You can do similar with binary/hexadecimal too

0x20 => 32 (hexadecimal)
020 => 16 (octal)
0b10 => 2 (binary)
080 => Invalid octal digit