Mysql常用查询 | 易学教程

IN/NOT IN操作符：查询满足（不满足）指定范围内的条件的记录。

s_id为101和102的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, s_name FROM fruits WHERE s_id IN (101,102);

s_id不等于101和102的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, s_name FROM fruits WHERE s_id NOT IN (101,102);

BETWEEN AND/NOT BETWEEN AND查询：查询指定范围内(外)的值(包括两个端点值)，参数：范围的开始值和结束值。

查询f_price在2~10之间的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT f_name, f_price FROM fruits WHERE f_price BETWEEN 2 AND 10;

LIKE操作符：模糊查询，“%”匹配任意长度的字符，“_”匹配任意一个字符。

查询以b开头的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT f_name FROM fruits WHERE f_name LIKE 'b%';

查询匹配ball的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT f_name FROM fruits WHERE f_name LIKE 'bal_';

NULL值查询：如果某个字段设置为NULL(NULL不等于0,也不等于空字符串)，则可使用IS NULL查询：

查询f_name字段为NULL的记录：

MYSQL> SELECT f_name FROM fruits WHERE f_name IS NULL;

ORDER BY DESC/ASC: 降序/升序排序

MYSQL> SELECT f_name FROM fruits ORDER BY f_name DESC;

GROUP BY: 对数据按照某个字段或多个字段进行分组，和集合函数一起使用，MAX(),MIN(),COUNT(),SUM(),AVG()（以分组后的每一组为单位使用上述函数）

GROUP BY 字段 HAVING 条件表达式；

根据s_id对记录进行分组：

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, COUNT(*) AS Total FROM fruits GROUP BY s_id;

GROUP_COUNT: 显示每个分组中的字段值

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, GROUP_COUNT(f_name) AS names FROM fruits GROUP BY s_id;
# 显示每个分组中的所有f_name字段。

HAVING 过滤分组

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, s_name FROM friuts GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(f_name) > 1;
# 显示f_name数量大于1的分组信息。

WITH ROLLUP: 显示分组后数据的所有记录

MYSQL> SELECT s_id, COUNT(*) FROM fruits GROUP BY s_id WITH ROLLUP;

多字段分组：

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits GROUP BY s_id, f_name;
#首先根据s_id进行分组，再对每个分组里根据f_name进行分组。

LIMIT 限制查询结果：

LIMIT 位置偏移量（从哪一行开始）, 行数

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits LIMIT 4;
# 第一行为0，默认从第一行开始

内连接查询(INNER JOIN):

MYSQL> SELECT t_1.name, s_name FROM fruits, t_1 WHERE fruits.s_id = t_1.s_id;

MYSQL> SELECT t_1.name, s_name FROM fruits INNER JOIN t_1 ON fruits.s_id = t_1.s_id;

上述两个sql语句结果一致。

注：如果一个连接查询中，涉及到的连个表是同一个表，这种查询成为自连接查询。

MYSQL> SELECT f1.f_name, f1.s_id FROM fruits AS f1, fruits AS f2 WHERE f1.s_id = f2.s_id;

左外连接查询（LEFT JOIN）: 显示左表中的所有行，如果右表中没有对应的字段为NULL

MYSQL> SELECT t_1.s_id, t_2.f_name FROM t_1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t_2 ON t_1.s_id = t_2.s_id;

右外连接（RIGHT JOIN）: 显示右表中的所有行。

MYSQL> SELECT t_1.s_id, t_2.f_name FROM t_1 RIGHT OUTER JOIN t_2 ON t_1.s_id = t_2.s_id;

符合条件连接查询

MYSQL> SELECT t_1.s_id, t_2.f_name FROM t_1 INNER JOIN t_2 ON t_1.s_id = t_2.s_id AND t_1.f_name = 'abc' ORDER BY t_1.f_name;

子查询（ANY,ALL,EXISTS）:

ANY:

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE s_id > ANY(SELECT s_id FROM t2);
# 返回大于子查询结果中最小值的所有记录。

ALL:

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE s_id > ALL(SELECT s_id FROM t2);
# 返回大于子查询结果中最大值的所有记录。

EXISTS:

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE EXISTS(SELECT s_id FROM t2);
# 子查询是否有记录。

NOT EXISTS:

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT s_id FROM t2);
# 如果子查询没有返回行则符合条件。

IN/NOT IN:

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE s_id IN(SELECT s_id FROM t2);

<、<=、=、>=、！=：

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE s_id = (SELECT s_id FROM t2 WHERE s_id = 1);

合并查询结果

UNION 不删除重复行，

UNION ALL删除重复行

MYSQL> SELECT s_id FROM fruits WHERE f_price < 9 UNION ALL SELECT s_id WHERE s_id IN(10,11);

正则表达式查询（REGEXP）

MYSQL> SELECT * FROM fruits WHERE f_name REGEXP '^b'; 
# 查询f_name以b开头的记录。