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Python Pandas Wide to Long Format Change with Column Titles Spliting

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问题 I have a table with the following columns titles and a row example: Subject Test1-Result1 Test1-Result2 Test2-Result1 Test2-Result2 0 John 10 0.5 20 0.3 I would like to transform it to: Subject level_1 Result1 Result2 0 John Test1 10 0.5 1 John Test2 20 0.3 With the subjects list repeated once for Test1 and then again for Test2. I think I can do this using for loops, but it's there a more pythonic way? For extra complexity, I need to add an extra column of information for each test. I suppose

How to avoid multiple loops with multiple variables in R

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问题 I have a two datasets stored in tables, one is a set of [a, b] and another is [x, Sx, y, Sy, rho] . I have a probability function f that requires (a, b, x, Sx, y, Sy, rho) . In the end I want to find the sum of the probability results over all [x, Sx, y, Sy, rho] for the first [a, b] . Then find the sum for all [x, Sx, y, Sy, rho] over the second [a, b] , etc... I would like to have a few hundred rows in the [x, Sx, y, Sy, rho] file and a few hundred thousand rows in the [a, b] file. I'm

Design matrix for MLM from library(lme4) with fixed and random effects

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问题 Context of application I have a model with random slopes and intercepts. There are numerous levels of the random effects. The new data (to be predicted) may or may not have all of these levels. To make this more concrete, I am working with music revenue at the album level ( title ). Each album may come in multiple types format2 (CD, vinyl, e-audio, etc). I have measurements for revenue for each album at each type of album. The model is specified as: lmer(physical~ format2+ (0+format2|title))

how to add Header for section in collection view on top below

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问题 I am using collection view with search bar. i Have added search bar via cod with (0,0) orgin from top . so now my image look like this: [![enter image description here][1]][1] But i need to header below to my search bar . i did via story board.But while run my header name & search bar are in same orgin.I need to place my header section at below myseaarch bar. Note: I am sing 3 section header.any idea or code is very help ful. Here my code for search bar... #import "CollectionViewController.h"

Scala学习之字符串篇(四)：插值函数

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在Scala中使用字符串插值函数，需要再字符串前加上字符"s"，然后再字符串中的每个插值变量前加上“$”符号。 scala> val name = "Fred" name: String = Fred scala> val age = 18 age: Int = 18 scala> val weight = "200" weight: String = 200 scala> println(s"$name is $age years old, and weights $weight pounds") Fred is 18 years old, and weights 200 pounds 除了可以使用变量外还可以在字符串插值中使用表达式代码。 scala> println(s"$age next year is ${age + 1}") 18 next year is 19 scala> println(s"$age is 18: ${age == 18}") 18 is 18: true 还可以在插值表达式中使用对象。 scala> println(s"${student.name} is ${student.age} age years old.") Fred is 18 age years old. Scala为我们提供了更多的字符串插值函数，比如使用"f

Why are there two assignment operators, `<-` and `->` in R?

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问题 I know how to use <- and -> , and there are several writeups on the difference between equals assignment & arrow assignment, but I don't know when to prefer -> over <- . It seems the community has coalesced around using <- for assignment. Neither the google R style-guide, nor Hadley Wickam's tidyverse R style-guide even mention -> in the assignment section. I'm curious about the design considerations that led the S/S-PLUS developers to put in the right arrow assign operator -> . In what

How to get summary statistics by group

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问题 I\'m trying to get multiple summary statistics in R/S-PLUS grouped by categorical column in one shot. I found couple of functions, but all of them do one statistic per call, like `aggregate(). data <- c(62, 60, 63, 59, 63, 67, 71, 64, 65, 66, 68, 66, 71, 67, 68, 68, 56, 62, 60, 61, 63, 64, 63, 59) grp <- factor(rep(LETTERS[1:4], c(4,6,6,8))) df <- data.frame(group=grp, dt=data) mg <- aggregate(df$dt, by=df$group, FUN=mean) mg <- aggregate(df$dt, by=df$group, FUN=sum) What I\'m looking for is