montgomery-multiplication

Frequency of Montgomery Multiplier

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问题 I have designed a 16*16 Montgomery multiplier. The code uses a 16*16 multiplier to perform three multiplications. The multiplications are performed one after the other using the same multiplier and the result of each multiplication is stored in the registers. The single 16*16 multiplier performs at a frequency of about 1550 MHz, but the frequency of the Montgomery multiplier (which uses a single 16*16 multiplier three times) is reduced to almost 500 MHz when the three multiplications are

Final subtraction in montgomery modular multiplication for an RSA cryptosystem

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问题 I'm confused about how one might supposedly bypass the final subtraction of the modulus in radix-2 montgomery modular multiplication, when used in a modular exponentiation algorithm. The following two papers put forward the conditions for bypassing the subtraction. Montgomery Exponentiation with no Final Subtractions: Improved Results Montgomery Multiplication Needs no Final Subtractions I don't understand exactly what is required in terms of the "preprocessing and postprocessing" to

Final subtraction in montgomery modular multiplication for an RSA cryptosystem

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I'm confused about how one might supposedly bypass the final subtraction of the modulus in radix-2 montgomery modular multiplication , when used in a modular exponentiation algorithm. The following two papers put forward the conditions for bypassing the subtraction. Montgomery Exponentiation with no Final Subtractions: Improved Results Montgomery Multiplication Needs no Final Subtractions I don't understand exactly what is required in terms of the "preprocessing and postprocessing" to eliminate the need for the repetitive subtraction of the modulus at the end of the montgomery multiplication.