XML Schema Validation : Cannot find the declaration of element

问题

I am still a bit new to XML Schema etc. and have been working to develop some XML, Schema and a Stylesheet (XSLT). I have made reasonable progress, but then realized that my Schema had stopped working, so I have taken it back to a simpler non-descript example.

Here is my XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Root xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns="Test.Namespace"  
      schemaLocation="http://myNameSpace.com Test1.xsd">
    <element1 id="001">
        <element2 id="001.1">
             <element3 id="001.1" />
        </element2>
    </element1>
</Root>

I have written a Schema that is here:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            targetNamespace="Test.Namespace"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xsd:element name="Root">
        <xsd:complexType>
            <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="element1" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="element1Type"/>
            </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>

    <xsd:complexType name="element1Type">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="element2" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="element2Type"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>

    <xsd:complexType name="element2Type">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="item" type="element3Type"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>

    <xsd:complexType name="element3Type">
         <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>        
 </xsd:schema>

The Schema is representative of the structure of my real XML.

Now, when I try to validate my XML, I get this error:

cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'Root'. [7]

This I think is to do with a namespace issue on the Root element, but I am really not sure.

Can someone suggest what I am doing wrong please.

回答1:

cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'Root'. [7]

Your schemaLocation attribute on the root element should be xsi:schemaLocation, and you need to fix it to use the right namespace.

You should probably change the targetNamespace of the schema and the xmlns of the document to http://myNameSpace.com (since namespaces are supposed to be valid URIs, which Test.Namespace isn't, though urn:Test.Namespace would be ok). Once you do that it should find the schema. The point is that all three of the schema's target namespace, the document's namespace, and the namespace for which you're giving the schema location must be the same.

(though it still won't validate as your <element2> contains an <element3> in the document where the schema expects item)

回答2:

Thanks to everyone above, but this is now fixed. For the benefit of others the most significant error was in aligning the three namespaces as suggested by Ian.

For completeness, here is the corrected XML and XSD

Here is the XML, with the typos corrected (sorry for any confusion caused by tardiness)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<Root
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="urn:Test.Namespace"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="urn:Test.Namespace Test1.xsd"
    >
    <element1 id="001">
        <element2 id="001.1">
            <element3 id="001.1" />
        </element2>
    </element1>
</Root>

and, here is the Schema

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            targetNamespace="urn:Test.Namespace"
            xmlns="urn:Test.Namespace"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xsd:element name="Root">
        <xsd:complexType>
            <xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:element name="element1" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="element1Type"/>
            </xsd:sequence>
        </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>

    <xsd:complexType name="element1Type">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="element2" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="element2Type"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>

    <xsd:complexType name="element2Type">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="element3" type="element3Type"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>

    <xsd:complexType name="element3Type">
        <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:complexType>        
</xsd:schema>

Thanks again to everyone, I hope this is of use to somebody else in the future.

回答3:

The targetNamespace of your XML Schema does not match the namespace of the Root element (dot in Test.Namespace vs. comma in Test,Namespace)

Once you make the above agree, you have to consider that your element2 has an attribute order that is not in your XSD.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15642046/xml-schema-validation-cannot-find-the-declaration-of-element