How to execute sqlcmd from powershell?

问题

I have a string in powershell, which contains a native sqlcmd command. The command itself can be executed successfully in cmd.exe. I have difficulty in executing them in powershell. Anyone can help? Thanks.

This is sql.sql

select @@servername
go
select @@servicename

This is the result when I execute the sqlcmd command from cmd.exe

C:\Users\test>sqlcmd -S "(local)\instance1" -U a -P a -i "c:\temp\sql.sql"

--------------------------------------------------
thesimpsons\INSTANCE1

(1 rows affected)

--------------------------------------------------
INSTANCE1

(1 rows affected)

C:\Users\test>

This is the powershell script to call the sqlcmd command.

$sql = @"
sqlcmd -S "(local)\instance1" -U a -P a -i "c:\temp\sql.sql"
"@

Invoke-Command $sql

When I execute this powershell script, I got the following error.

PS C:\TEMP> $sql = @"
sqlcmd -S "(local)\instance1" -U a -P a -i "c:\temp\sql.sql"
"@

Invoke-Command $sql
Invoke-Command : Parameter set cannot be resolved using the specified named parame
ters.
At line:5 char:15
+ Invoke-Command <<<<  $sql
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Invoke-Command], ParameterBin 
   dingException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : AmbiguousParameterSet,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands 
   .InvokeCommandCommand

回答1:

To call a Win32 executable you want to use the call operator & like this:

& sqlcmd -S "(local)\instance1" -U a -P a -i "c:\temp\sql.sql"

回答2:

You could also stop using the external 'SQLCMD.EXE' and use the Invoke-Sqlcmd cmdlet instead:

Invoke-Sqlcmd is a SQL Server cmdlet that runs scripts that contain statements from the languages (Transact-SQL and XQuery) and commands that are supported by the sqlcmd utility

Just open the 'sqlps' utility and run

Invoke-Sqlcmd -InputFile "C:\temp\sql.sql"

Please see Running SQL Server PowerShell

You can also load the SQL Server snap-ins manually in PowerShell before using 'Invoke-Sqlcmd';
for MS SQL Server 2012 you can do that by running
Import-Module SqlPs

回答3:

This is how I build some externals command in my scripts

$scriptblock = {fullpath\sqlcmd -S `"(local)\instance1`" <# comment option -S #>`
                                -U a `
                                -P a `
                                -i `"c:\temp\sql.sql`" }
Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock

You can then use $args variable inside it and even start it remotly.

$scriptblock = {fullpath\sqlcmd -S `"(local)\instance1`" <# comment option -S #>`
                                -U a `
                                -P a `
                                -i `"$($args[0])`" }
Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $scriptBlock -argumentList "c:\temp\sql.sql" -computer "remote1"

Remark :

This allow to comment each param.

Be careful not to forget a "`" and no space after them where they are at the end of the line.

回答4:

Use Invoke-Expression rather than Invoke-Command

回答5:

The first positional parameter of invoke-command is -scriptblock, and it expects a script block argument. To take advantage of a here-string to build the command and then run it with invoke-command, you need to convert the here-string to a script block:

$sql = @"
sqlcmd -S "(local)\instance1" -U a -P a -i "c:\temp\sql.sql"
 "@

 Invoke-Command ([scriptblock]::create($sql))

回答6:

Both instance name and username should be fully qualified

<domain_name>\Instanc_name and <domai_name>\Username. Only your instance name is correctly scripted.

回答7:

This is what worked for me for using sqlcmd from within the powershell script using the & operator, see sample to generate a csv file:

& cmd /c "sqlcmd -S $sv -i $PROCFILE -s, -v varDB = $dbclean -o $filename"

$sv has server name like SERVERNAME\INSTANCE

$PROCFILE is like d:\TSTSQL\Sqlquery.SQL

$filename is d:\TSTSQL\Desiredoutfilename.CSV

$dbclean is a parameter passed to the sql file

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9714054/how-to-execute-sqlcmd-from-powershell

标签

powershell

sqlcmd