Remove elements from Dictionary<Key, Item>

问题

I have a Dictionary, where items are (for example):

1. "A", 4
2. "B", 44
3. "bye", 56
4. "C", 99
5. "D", 46
6. "6672", 0

And I have a List:

1. "A"
2. "C"
3. "D"

I want to remove from my dictionary all the elements whose keys are not in my list, and at the end my dictionary will be:

1. "A", 4
2. "C", 99
3. "D", 46

How can I do?

回答1:

It's simpler to construct new Dictionary to contain elements that are in the list:

List<string> keysToInclude = new List<string> {"A", "B", "C"};
var newDict = myDictionary
     .Where(kvp=>keysToInclude.Contains(kvp.Key))
     .ToDictionary(kvp=>kvp.Key, kvp=>kvp.Value);

If it's important to modify the existing dictionary (e.g. it's a readonly property of some class)

var keysToRemove = myDictionary.Keys.Except(keysToInclude).ToList();

foreach (var key in keysToRemove)
     myDictionary.Remove(key);

Note the ToList() call - it's important to materialize the list of keys to remove. If you try running the code without the materialization of the keysToRemove, you'll likely to have an exception stating something like "The collection has changed".

回答2:

// For efficiency with large lists, for small ones use myList below instead.  
var mySet = new HashSet<string>(myList);

// Create a new dictionary with just the keys in the set
myDictionary = myDictionary
               .Where(x => mySet.Contains(x.Key))
               .ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);

回答3:

dict.Keys.Except(list).ToList()
    .ForEach(key => dict.Remove(key));

回答4:

Code:

public static void RemoveAll<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> target,
                                           List<TKey> keys)
{
    var tmp = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();

    foreach (var key in keys)
    {
        TValue val;
        if (target.TryGetValue(key, out val))
        {
            tmp.Add(key, val);
        }
    }

    target.Clear();

    foreach (var kvp in tmp)
    {
        target.Add(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
    }
}

Example:

var d = new Dictionary<string, int>
            {
                {"A", 4},
                {"B", 44},
                {"bye", 56},
                {"C", 99},
                {"D", 46},
                {"6672", 0}
            };

var l = new List<string> {"A", "C", "D"};

d.RemoveAll(l);

foreach (var kvp in d)
{
    Console.WriteLine(kvp.Key + ": " + kvp.Value);
}

Output:

A: 4
C: 99
D: 46

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13552898/remove-elements-from-dictionarykey-item