Template argument deduction: which compiler is right here?

问题

Consider the following code:

template<int N>
class Vector
{
};

#include <array>

template<int N>
void doWork(const Vector<N>&, const std::array<int,N>&)
{
}

int main()
{
    std::array<int,3> arr;
    Vector<3> vec;
    doWork(vec,arr);
}

Here Vector represents a class which is defined in a third-party library, and std::array is known to take its element count as std::size_t.

I've tried compiling this with clang-3.6 and g++-5.1. Clang worked without any complaint, while g++ gives the following error:

test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:17:19: error: no matching function for call to ‘doWork(Vector<3>&, std::array<int, 3ul>&)’
     doWork(vec,arr);
                   ^
test.cpp:9:6: note: candidate: template<int N> void doWork(const Vector<N>&, const std::array<int, N>&)
 void doWork(const Vector<N>&, const std::array<int,N>&)
      ^
test.cpp:9:6: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
test.cpp:17:19: note:   mismatched types ‘int’ and ‘long unsigned int’
     doWork(vec,arr);
                   ^
test.cpp:17:19: note:   ‘std::array<int, 3ul>’ is not derived from ‘const std::array<int, N>’

I can work around this by doing a cast of N to std::size_t in second parameter of doWork() or calling doWork<3>(), but this wouldn't educate me.

So I rather ask first: which compiler is right here? Am I really doing something wrong in the code (so clang is too permissive), or is it indeed valid C++ (so that g++ has a bug)?

回答1:

I believe gcc is correct here, if we go to the draft C++11 standard section 14.8.2.5 [temp.deduct.type] it says:

If, in the declaration of a function template with a non-type template-parameter, the non-type templateparameter is used in an expression in the function parameter-list and, if the corresponding template-argument is deduced, the template-argument type shall match the type of the template-parameter exactly, except that a template-argument deduced from an array bound may be of any integral type.144 [ Example:
template<int i> class A { /* ... */ };
template<short s> void f(A<s>);
void k1() {
A<1> a;
f(a); // error: deduction fails for conversion from int to short
f<1>(a); // OK
}
[...]

and we can see if we change your code to this:

doWork<3>(vec,arr);

gcc does not issue an error and neither does clang.

If we try this example:

template<int N>
void doWorkB( std::array<int,N>&)
{
}

//...

doWorkB(arr);

clang now produces an error (see it live):

note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure : deduced non-type template argument does not have the same type as the its corresponding template parameter ('unsigned long' vs 'int')
void doWorkB( std::array<int,N>&)
     ^

Your original case also breaks in clang if we swap the parameter order:

void doWork( const std::array<int,N>&, const Vector<N>& )

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32891471/template-argument-deduction-which-compiler-is-right-here

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