问题
If a class has a convariant type parameter such as Iterable[+A], is there any difference between declaring
def foo(bar: Iterable[_])
and
def foo(bar: Iterable[Any])
?
If a class has a contravariant type parameter such as Growable[-A], is there any difference between declaring
def foo(bar: Growable[_])
and
def foo(bar: Growable[Nothing])
?
回答1:
It does make a little difference when generic parameter is bounded. For example, if you had
class BoundedIterable[+A <: Something]
class BoundedGrowable[-A >: Something]
then type BoundedIterable[Any] and BoundedGrowable[Nothing] would be illegal.
I don't know if there is any other difference, but I can say for sure that you should prefer the wildcard-less variant wherever possible. That is because, actually, the very purpose of declaration-site type variance is to get rid of wildcards (which are a form of usage-site variance). When you say List[Any] you mean "list of anything", but when you say List[_] then you mean "list of we-don't-know-what". So the former is just way more clear, even though they may be equivalent in some particular case.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15310329/understanding-scalas-vs-any-nothing