How to use GNU parallel to run a list of commands where 4 commands run simultaneously

问题

I have list of shell commands that I'd like to call. Up to four processes shall run at the same time.

As soon as the process count drops below 4, the next command is sent to the shell until all command have finished.

I already got a "partly" working solution from stackoverflow fellows that however rely on wait -n which is not available on my debian wheezy installation.

Link to other stackoverflow question

One guy mentioned GNU Parallel. Can this be achieved? Any guidance is really appreciated!

nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=0 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=1 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=2 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=3 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=4 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=5 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=6 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=7 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=8 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=9 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=10 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=11 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=12 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=13 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=14 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=15 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=16 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=17 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=18 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=19 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=20 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=21 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=22 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=23 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=24 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=25 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=26 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=27 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=28 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=29 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=30 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=31 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=32 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=33 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=34 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=35 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=36 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=37 &
nohup scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice=38 &

回答1:

If you have GNU Parallel you can do this:

parallel -j4 scrapy crawl urlMonitor -a slice={} ::: {1..38}

GNU Parallel is a general parallelizer and makes is easy to run jobs in parallel on the same machine or on multiple machines you have ssh access to.

If you have 32 different jobs you want to run on 4 CPUs, a straight forward way to parallelize is to run 8 jobs on each CPU:

GNU Parallel instead spawns a new process when one finishes - keeping the CPUs active and thus saving time:

Installation

If GNU Parallel is not packaged for your distribution, you can do a personal installation, which does not require root access. It can be done in 10 seconds by doing this:

(wget -O - pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3) | bash

For other installation options see http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/parallel.git/tree/README

Learn more

See more examples: http://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/man.html

Watch the intro videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL284C9FF2488BC6D1

Walk through the tutorial: http://www.gnu.org/software/parallel/parallel_tutorial.html

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27493205/how-to-use-gnu-parallel-to-run-a-list-of-commands-where-4-commands-run-simultane

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