oracle对象管理

实验4：对象管理

实验目的：

了解Oracle表和视图的概念，学习使用SQL语句Create Table创建表，学习Select语句插入，修改，删除以及查询数据，学习使用SQL语句创建视图，学习部分存储过程和触发器的使用。

实验场景：

假设有一个生产某个产品的单位，单位接受网上订单进行产品的销售。通过实验模拟这个单位的部分信息：员工表，部门表，订单表，订单详单表。
用户名：shuijingyelong_1下完成实验

实验内容：

录入数据：

要求至少有1万个订单，每个订单至少有4个详单。至少有两个部门，每个部门至少有1个员工，其中只有一个人没有领导，一个领导至少有一个下属，并且它的下属是另一个人的领导（比如A领导B，B领导C）。

序列的应用

插入ORDERS和ORDER_DETAILS 两个表的数据时，主键ORDERS.ORDER_ID, ORDER_DETAILS.ID的值必须通过序列SEQ_ORDER_ID和SEQ_ORDER_ID取得，不能手工输入一个数字。

触发器的应用：

维护ORDER_DETAILS的数据时（insert,delete,update）要同步更新ORDERS表订单应收货款ORDERS.Trade_Receivable的值。

查询数据：

1.查询某个员工的信息
2.递归查询某个员工及其所有下属，子下属员工。
3.查询订单表，并且包括订单的订单应收货款: Trade_Receivable= sum(订单详单表.ProductNum*订单详单表.ProductPrice)- Discount。
4.查询订单详表，要求显示订单的客户名称和客户电话，产品类型用汉字描述。
5.查询出所有空订单，即没有订单详单的订单。
6.查询部门表，同时显示部门的负责人姓名。
7.查询部门表，统计每个部门的销售总金额。

（一）.开始建表

1. 为用户shuijingyelong_1授权

alter user shuijingyelong_1 quota unlimited on USERS001;

grant alter tablespace to shuijingyelong_1;
grant create tablespace to shuijingyelong_1;

2. 在shuijingyelong_1下建立表空间USERS001和USERS002

Create Tablespace USERS001
datafile
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/pdbtest_users001_1.dbf'
  SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 256M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED,
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/pdbtest_users001_2.dbf'
  SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 256M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

Create Tablespace USERS002
datafile
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/pdbtest_users002_1.dbf'
  SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 256M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED,
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/pdborcl/pdbtest_users002_2.dbf'
  SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 256M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

3. 查看建立的表空间USERS001和USERS002

SELECT
     *
FROM dba_tablespaces;

4. USERS001创建表DEPARTMENTS

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENTS
(
  DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(6, 0) NOT NULL
, DEPARTMENT_NAME VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, CONSTRAINT DEPARTMENTS_PK PRIMARY KEY
  (
    DEPARTMENT_ID
  )
  USING INDEX
  (
      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX DEPARTMENTS_PK ON DEPARTMENTS (DEPARTMENT_ID ASC)
      NOLOGGING
      TABLESPACE USERS001
      PCTFREE 10
      INITRANS 2
      STORAGE
      (
        INITIAL 65536
        NEXT 1048576
        MINEXTENTS 1
        MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
        BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
      )
      NOPARALLEL
  )
  ENABLE
)
NOLOGGING
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 1
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOCOMPRESS NO INMEMORY NOPARALLEL;

5. 创建表EMPLOYEES

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES
(
  EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6, 0) NOT NULL
, NAME VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, EMAIL VARCHAR2(40 BYTE)
, PHONE_NUMBER VARCHAR2(40 BYTE)
, HIRE_DATE DATE NOT NULL
, SALARY NUMBER(8, 2)
, MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6, 0)
, DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(6, 0)
, PHOTO BLOB
, CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_PK PRIMARY KEY
  (
    EMPLOYEE_ID
  )
  USING INDEX
  (
      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX EMPLOYEES_PK ON EMPLOYEES (EMPLOYEE_ID ASC)
      NOLOGGING
      TABLESPACE USERS001
      PCTFREE 10
      INITRANS 2
      STORAGE
      (
        INITIAL 65536
        NEXT 1048576
        MINEXTENTS 1
        MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
        BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
      )
      NOPARALLEL
  )
  ENABLE
)
NOLOGGING
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 1
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOCOMPRESS
NO INMEMORY
NOPARALLEL
LOB (PHOTO) STORE AS SYS_LOB0000092017C00009$$
(
  ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW
  CHUNK 8192
  NOCACHE
  NOLOGGING
  TABLESPACE USERS001
  STORAGE
  (
    INITIAL 106496
    NEXT 1048576
    MINEXTENTS 1
    MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
    BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
  )
);

CREATE INDEX EMPLOYEES_INDEX1_NAME ON EMPLOYEES (NAME ASC)
NOLOGGING
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 2
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOPARALLEL;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_FK1 FOREIGN KEY
(
  DEPARTMENT_ID
)
REFERENCES DEPARTMENTS
(
  DEPARTMENT_ID
)
ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_FK2 FOREIGN KEY
(
  MANAGER_ID
)
REFERENCES EMPLOYEES
(
  EMPLOYEE_ID
)
ON DELETE SET NULL ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_CHK1 CHECK
(SALARY>0)
ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_CHK2 CHECK
(EMPLOYEE_ID<>MANAGER_ID)
ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_EMPLOYEE_MANAGER_ID CHECK
(MANAGER_ID<>EMPLOYEE_ID)
ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
ADD CONSTRAINT EMPLOYEES_SALARY CHECK
(SALARY>0)
ENABLE;

6. 创建表PRODUCTS

CREATE TABLE PRODUCTS
(
  PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, PRODUCT_TYPE VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, CONSTRAINT PRODUCTS_PK PRIMARY KEY
  (
    PRODUCT_NAME
  )
  ENABLE
)
LOGGING
TABLESPACE "USERS001"
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 1
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
);

ALTER TABLE PRODUCTS
ADD CONSTRAINT PRODUCTS_CHK1 CHECK
(PRODUCT_TYPE IN ('耗材', '手机', '电脑'))
ENABLE;

7. 创建表ORDERS

CREATE TABLE ORDERS
(
  ORDER_ID NUMBER(10, 0) NOT NULL
, CUSTOMER_NAME VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, CUSTOMER_TEL VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL
, ORDER_DATE DATE NOT NULL
, EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6, 0) NOT NULL
, DISCOUNT NUMBER(8, 2) DEFAULT 0
, TRADE_RECEIVABLE NUMBER(8, 2) DEFAULT 0
)
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 1
STORAGE
(
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOCOMPRESS
NOPARALLEL
PARTITION BY RANGE (ORDER_DATE)
(
  PARTITION PARTITION_BEFORE_2016 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(' 2016-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
  NOLOGGING
  TABLESPACE USERS001
  PCTFREE 10
  INITRANS 1
  STORAGE
  (
    INITIAL 8388608
    NEXT 1048576
    MINEXTENTS 1
    MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
    BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
  )
  NOCOMPRESS NO INMEMORY
, PARTITION PARTITION_BEFORE_2017 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(' 2017-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
  NOLOGGING
  TABLESPACE USERS002
  PCTFREE 10
  INITRANS 1
  STORAGE
  (
    INITIAL 8388608
    NEXT 1048576
    MINEXTENTS 1
    MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
    BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
  )
  NOCOMPRESS NO INMEMORY
);

--创建本地分区索引ORDERS_INDEX_DATE：
CREATE INDEX ORDERS_INDEX_DATE ON ORDERS (ORDER_DATE ASC)
LOCAL
(
  PARTITION PARTITION_BEFORE_2016
    TABLESPACE USERS001
    PCTFREE 10
    INITRANS 2
    STORAGE
    (
      INITIAL 8388608
      NEXT 1048576
      MINEXTENTS 1
      MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
      BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
    )
    NOCOMPRESS
, PARTITION PARTITION_BEFORE_2017
    TABLESPACE USERS002
    PCTFREE 10
    INITRANS 2
    STORAGE
    (
      INITIAL 8388608
      NEXT 1048576
      MINEXTENTS 1
      MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
      BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
    )
    NOCOMPRESS
)
STORAGE
(
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOPARALLEL;

CREATE INDEX ORDERS_INDEX_CUSTOMER_NAME ON ORDERS (CUSTOMER_NAME ASC)
NOLOGGING
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 2
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOPARALLEL;

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ORDERS_PK ON ORDERS (ORDER_ID ASC)
GLOBAL PARTITION BY HASH (ORDER_ID)
(
  PARTITION INDEX_PARTITION1 TABLESPACE USERS001
    NOCOMPRESS
, PARTITION INDEX_PARTITION2 TABLESPACE USERS002
    NOCOMPRESS
)
NOLOGGING
TABLESPACE USERS001
PCTFREE 10
INITRANS 2
STORAGE
(
  INITIAL 65536
  NEXT 1048576
  MINEXTENTS 1
  MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT
)
NOPARALLEL;

ALTER TABLE ORDERS
ADD CONSTRAINT ORDERS_PK PRIMARY KEY
(
  ORDER_ID
)
USING INDEX ORDERS_PK
ENABLE;

ALTER TABLE ORDERS
ADD CONSTRAINT ORDERS_FK1 FOREIGN KEY
(
  EMPLOYEE_ID
)
REFERENCES EMPLOYEES
(
  EMPLOYEE_ID
)
ENABLE;

8. 创建表ORDER_DETAILS

CREATE TABLE ORDER_DETAILS 
(
  ID NUMBER(10, 0) NOT NULL 
, ORDER_ID NUMBER(10, 0) NOT NULL 
, PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(40 BYTE) NOT NULL 
, PRODUCT_NUM NUMBER(8, 2) NOT NULL 
, PRODUCT_PRICE NUMBER(8, 2) NOT NULL 
, CONSTRAINT ORDER_DETAILS_PK PRIMARY KEY 
  (
    ID 
  )
  USING INDEX 
  (
      CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ORDER_DETAILS_PK ON ORDER_DETAILS (ID ASC) 
      LOGGING 
      TABLESPACE USERS 
      PCTFREE 10 
      INITRANS 2 
      STORAGE 
      ( 
        BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT 
      ) 
      NOPARALLEL 
  )
  ENABLE 
) 
LOGGING 
TABLESPACE USERS 
PCTFREE 10 
INITRANS 1 
STORAGE 
( 
  BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT 
) 
NOCOMPRESS 
NO INMEMORY 
NOPARALLEL;

ALTER TABLE ORDER_DETAILS
ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_DETAILS_FK1_001 FOREIGN KEY
(
  ID 
)
REFERENCES ORDER_DETAILS
(
  ID 
)
ENABLE;

(二).开始测试

1. 查
查某个员工信息

select * FROM employees WHERE employee_id=1

递归查询某个员工及其所有下属，子下属员工

SELECT * FROM employees START WITH EMPLOYEE_ID = 1 CONNECT BY PRIOR EMPLOYEE_ID = MANAGER_ID;

查询订单表，并且包括订单的订单应收货款

select *
FROM orders

查询订单详表，要求显示订单的客户名称和客户电话，产品类型用汉字描述

select o.customer_name,o.customer_tel, p.product_type AS 产品类型
FROM orders o,order_details d,products p
where o.order_id=d.order_id
and d.product_name=p.product_name

查询出所有空订单，即没有订单详单的订单

select * 
from orders
where order_id NOT in(SELECT o.order_id from orders o,order_details d WHERE o.order_id=d.order_id)

查询部门表，同时显示部门的负责人姓名

select d.*,e.name
from departments d,employees e
where d.department_id=e.department_id
and e.manager_id=d.department_id

查询部门表，统计每个部门的销售总金额

select d.department_name,SUM(sum1)
FROM (
select (d.product_num*d.product_price) sum1
from order_details d,orders o,departments d,employees e
WHERE d.department_id=e.department_id
and o.employee_id = e.employee_id
and o.order_id=d.order_id
),departments d
group by d.department_name

查视图

select * from VIEW_ORDER_DETAILS where order_id=5;

分区查订单

select * from ORDERS partition(PARTITION_BEFORE_2017) WHERE order_id=1373;

查询我的表空间情况

SELECT a.tablespace_name "表空间名",
total "表空间大小",
free "表空间剩余大小",
(total - free) "表空间使用大小",
total / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间大小(G)",
free / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间剩余大小(G)",
(total - free) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间使用大小(G)",
round((total - free) / total, 4) * 100 "使用率 %"
FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) free
FROM dba_free_space
GROUP BY tablespace_name) a,
(SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) total
FROM dba_data_files
GROUP BY tablespace_name) b
WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
and (a.tablespace_name='USERS001'
OR a.tablespace_name='USERS002')

2. 改

UPDATE order_details SET product_price=12.1 WHERE id=766

3. 删

delete from orders WHERE order_id=1372;

4. 增

INSERT INTO employees(employee_id,name,hire_date,salary) VALUES(2,'水景叶龙','19-10月 -29',50000);

5. 为用户shuijingyelong_1授权可以创建视图

GRANT CREATE VIEW TO shuijingyelong_1 WITH ADMIN OPTION;

6. 创建视图

CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE EDITIONABLE VIEW "VIEW_ORDER_DETAILS" ("ID", "ORDER_ID", "CUSTOMER_NAME", "CUSTOMER_TEL", "ORDER_DATE", "PRODUCT_TYPE", "PRODUCT_NAME", "PRODUCT_NUM", "PRODUCT_PRICE") AS
  SELECT
  d.ID,
  o.ORDER_ID,
  o.CUSTOMER_NAME,o.CUSTOMER_TEL,o.ORDER_DATE,
  p.PRODUCT_TYPE,
  d.PRODUCT_NAME,
  d.PRODUCT_NUM,
  d.PRODUCT_PRICE
FROM ORDERS o,ORDER_DETAILS d,PRODUCTS p where d.ORDER_ID=o.ORDER_ID and d.PRODUCT_NAME=p.PRODUCT_NAME;

7. 触发器

CREATE OR REPLACE EDITIONABLE TRIGGER "ORDERS_TRIG_ROW_LEVEL"
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF DISCOUNT ON "ORDERS"
FOR EACH ROW
declare
  m number(8,2);
BEGIN
  if inserting then
       :new.TRADE_RECEIVABLE := - :new.discount;
  else
      select sum(PRODUCT_NUM*PRODUCT_PRICE) into m from ORDER_DETAILS where ORDER_ID=:old.ORDER_ID;
      if m is null then
        m:=0;
      end if;
      :new.TRADE_RECEIVABLE := m - :new.discount;
  end if;
END;

8. 存储过程-向PRODUCTS中插入数据

CREATE OR REPLACE Procedure products_insert
(
       sNAME     in     VARCHAR2,
       sType      in     VARCHAR2
)
is
 
begin
       Insert into PRODUCTS( product_name, product_type)
       values(sname,stype);
end products_insert;

9. 测试存储过程

begin
products_insert('paper4','耗材');
commit;
end;

来源：CSDN

作者：Java使我强大

链接：https://blog.csdn.net/abc_123_abc_123_/article/details/102776749