问题
Here my code for a very simple gui:
from Tkinter import *
class my_gui(Frame):
def __init__(self):
# main tk object
self.root = Tk()
# init Frame
Frame.__init__(self, self.root)
# create frame (gray window)
self.frame=Frame(self.root,width=100,height=100)
self.frame.grid(row=0,column=0)
self.__add_scroll_bars()
self.__create_canvas()
self.__add_plot()
def __create_canvas(self):
# create white area in the window for plotting
# width and height are only the visible size of the white area, scrollregion is the area the user can see by scrolling
self.canvas = Canvas(self.frame,bg='#FFFFFF',width=300,height=300,scrollregion=(0,0,500,500))
# with this command the window is filled with the canvas
self.canvas.pack(side=LEFT,expand=True,fill=BOTH)
# position and size of the canvas is used for configuration of the scroll bars
self.canvas.config(xscrollcommand=self.hbar.set, yscrollcommand=self.vbar.set)
# add command to the scroll bars to scroll the canvas
self.hbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)
self.vbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
def __add_scroll_bars(self):
# add scroll bars
self.hbar=Scrollbar(self.frame,orient=HORIZONTAL)
self.hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM,fill=X)
self.vbar=Scrollbar(self.frame,orient=VERTICAL)
self.vbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)
def __add_plot(self):
# create a rectangle
self.canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 150, 200, 150, 200, 10, fill="gray", outline="black")
def mainLoop(self):
# This function starts an endlos running thread through the gui
self.root.mainloop()
def __quit(self):
# close everything
self.root.quit()
def mainLoop(self):
# This function starts an endlos running thread through the gui
self.root.mainloop()
# init gui
my_gui = my_gui()
# execute gui
my_gui.mainLoop()
I have two questions:
1) I want if I resize the gui, that then the scrollbars are always on the Ends of the gui and I resize the canvas.
2) If I resize the GUI and the canvas, then the rectangle in the canvas shall be resized (for example if the new size of gui and canvas is four times the old size, then the new size of rectangle is twize the old size).
I search a solution for the first problem and for the second problem seperately.
Thanks for help.
回答1:
You could use the following way to integrate my frame into your gui class:
from Tkinter import *
class ScrollableFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kw):
'''
Constructor
'''
Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kw)
# create a vertical scrollbar
vscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = VERTICAL)
vscrollbar.pack(fill = Y, side = RIGHT, expand = FALSE)
# create a horizontal scrollbar
hscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = HORIZONTAL)
hscrollbar.pack(fill = X, side = BOTTOM, expand = FALSE)
#Create a canvas object and associate the scrollbars with it
self.canvas = Canvas(self, bd = 0, highlightthickness = 0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
self.canvas.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH, expand = TRUE)
#Associate scrollbars with canvas view
vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)
# set the view to 0,0 at initialization
self.canvas.xview_moveto(0)
self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)
# create an interior frame to be created inside the canvas
self.interior = interior = Frame(self.canvas)
interior_id = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window=interior,
anchor=NW)
# track changes to the canvas and frame width and sync them,
# also updating the scrollbar
def _configure_interior(event):
# update the scrollbars to match the size of the inner frame
size = (interior.winfo_reqwidth(), interior.winfo_reqheight())
self.canvas.config(scrollregion='0 0 %s %s' % size)
if interior.winfo_reqwidth() != self.canvas.winfo_width():
# update the canvas's width to fit the inner frame
self.canvas.config(width = interior.winfo_reqwidth())
interior.bind('<Configure>', _configure_interior)
class my_gui(Frame):
def __init__(self):
# main tk object
self.root = Tk()
# init Frame
Frame.__init__(self, self.root)
# create frame (gray window)
self.frame = ScrollableFrame(self.root)
self.frame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
#self.__add_scroll_bars()
#self.__create_canvas()
self.__add_plot()
def __add_plot(self):
# create a rectangle
self.frame.canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 150, 200, 150, 200, 10, fill="gray", outline="black")
def mainLoop(self):
# This function starts an endlos running thread through the gui
self.root.mainloop()
def __quit(self):
# close everything
self.root.quit()
# init gui
my_gui = my_gui()
# execute gui
my_gui.mainLoop()
This should essentially solve your first problem. As for the second problem you'll need to create a function to re-render the canvas every time you resize it. In a way similar to the _configure_interior function.
回答2:
You could use this following example, or integrate it in your class. You could create a frame like this by calling.
self.frame = ScrollableFrame(self.root)
self.frame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
Create a class like this for your frame:
from Tkinter import *
class ScrollableFrame(Frame):
'''
Creates a scrollable frame
'''
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kw):
'''
Constructor
'''
Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kw)
# create a vertical scrollbar
vscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = VERTICAL)
vscrollbar.pack(fill = Y, side = RIGHT, expand = FALSE)
# create a horizontal scrollbar
hscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = HORIZONTAL)
hscrollbar.pack(fill = X, side = BOTTOM, expand = FALSE)
#Create a canvas object and associate the scrollbars with it
canvas = Canvas(self, bd = 0, highlightthickness = 0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
canvas.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH, expand = TRUE)
#Associate scrollbars with canvas view
vscrollbar.config(command = canvas.yview)
hscrollbar.config(command = canvas.xview)
# set the view to 0,0 at initialization
canvas.xview_moveto(0)
canvas.yview_moveto(0)
# create an interior frame to be created inside the canvas
self.interior = interior = Frame(canvas)
interior_id = canvas.create_window(0, 0, window=interior,
anchor=NW)
# track changes to the canvas and frame width and sync them,
# also updating the scrollbar
def _configure_interior(event):
# update the scrollbars to match the size of the inner frame
size = (interior.winfo_reqwidth(), interior.winfo_reqheight())
canvas.config(scrollregion='0 0 %s %s' % size)
if interior.winfo_reqwidth() != canvas.winfo_width():
# update the canvas's width to fit the inner frame
canvas.config(width = interior.winfo_reqwidth())
interior.bind('<Configure>', _configure_interior)
You could use this to obtain the result you want. Horizontal and Vertical scrolling are both enabled for this frame and scrollbar positions can be set using 'side' field. For the second part of your question, could you elucidate further.
Reference: Gonzo's answer Python Tkinter scrollbar for frame
回答3:
This works very well, to get what I want with the minimal scrollable canvas size. But there is still the bug, when the gui was made larger and when it seems so, that one can not scroll, there is the possibility to click on the left or upper arrow of the scroll bars and so to scroll the canvas, what sould not be possible.
from Tkinter import *
class ScrollableFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, minimal_canvas_size, *args, **kw):
'''
Constructor
'''
Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kw)
self.minimal_canvas_size = minimal_canvas_size
# create a vertical scrollbar
vscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = VERTICAL)
vscrollbar.pack(fill = Y, side = RIGHT, expand = FALSE)
# create a horizontal scrollbar
hscrollbar = Scrollbar(self, orient = HORIZONTAL)
hscrollbar.pack(fill = X, side = BOTTOM, expand = FALSE)
#Create a canvas object and associate the scrollbars with it
self.canvas = Canvas(self, bd = 0, highlightthickness = 0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
self.canvas.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH, expand = TRUE)
#Associate scrollbars with canvas view
vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)
# set the view to 0,0 at initialization
self.canvas.xview_moveto(0)
self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)
self.canvas.config(scrollregion='0 0 %s %s' % self.minimal_canvas_size)
# create an interior frame to be created inside the canvas
self.interior = interior = Frame(self.canvas)
interior_id = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window=interior,
anchor=NW)
# track changes to the canvas and frame width and sync them,
# also updating the scrollbar
def _configure_interior(event):
# update the scrollbars to match the size of the inner frame
size = (max(interior.winfo_reqwidth(), self.minimal_canvas_size[0]), max(interior.winfo_reqheight(), self.minimal_canvas_size[1]))
self.canvas.config(scrollregion='0 0 %s %s' % size)
if interior.winfo_reqwidth() != self.canvas.winfo_width():
# update the canvas's width to fit the inner frame
self.canvas.config(width = interior.winfo_reqwidth())
interior.bind('<Configure>', _configure_interior)
class my_gui(Frame):
def __init__(self):
# main tk object
self.root = Tk()
# init Frame
Frame.__init__(self, self.root)
minimal_canvas_size = (500, 500)
# create frame (gray window)
self.frame = ScrollableFrame(self.root, minimal_canvas_size)
self.frame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
self.__add_plot()
def __add_plot(self):
# create a rectangle
self.frame.canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 150, 200, 150, 200, 10, fill="gray", outline="black")
def mainLoop(self):
# This function starts an endlos running thread through the gui
self.root.mainloop()
def __quit(self):
# close everything
self.root.quit()
# init gui
my_gui = my_gui()
# execute gui
my_gui.mainLoop()
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36445978/resizeable-scrollable-canvas-with-tkinter