How do I use a macro across module files?

问题

I have two modules in separate files within the same crate, where the crate has macro_rules enabled. I want to use the macros defined in one module in another module.

// macros.rs
#[macro_export] // or not? is ineffectual for this, afaik
macro_rules! my_macro(...)

// something.rs
use macros;
// use macros::my_macro; <-- unresolved import (for obvious reasons)
my_macro!() // <-- how?

I currently hit the compiler error "macro undefined: 'my_macro'"... which makes sense; the macro system runs before the module system. How do I work around that?

回答1:

Macros within the same crate

#[macro_use]
mod foo {
    macro_rules! bar {
        () => ()
    }
}

bar!();    // works

If you want to use the macro in the same crate, the module your macro is defined in needs the attribute #[macro_use].

Macros can only be used after they have been defined. This means that this does not work:

bar!();  // ERROR: cannot find macro `bar!` in this scope

#[macro_use]
mod foo {
    macro_rules! bar {
        () => ()
    }
}

Macros across crates

To use your macro_rules! macro from other crates, the macro itself needs the attribute #[macro_export]. The importing crate can then import the macro via use crate_name::macro_name;.

// --- Crate `util` ---
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! foo {
    () => ()
}


// --- Crate `user` ---
use util::foo;

foo!();

Note: macros always live at the top-level of a crate; so even if foo would be inside a mod bar {}, the user crate would still have to write use util::foo; and not use util::bar::foo;.

(Before Rust 2018, you had to import macro from other crates by adding the attribute #[macro_use] to the extern crate util; statement. That would import all macros from util. Alternatively, #[macro_use(cat, dog)] could be used to only import the macros cat and dog. This syntax should not be necessary anymore.)

More information is available in The Rust Programming Language.

回答2:

This answer is outdated as of Rust 1.1.0-stable.

You need to add #![macro_escape] at the top of macros.rs and include it using mod macros; as mentioned in the Macros Guide.

$ cat macros.rs
#![macro_escape]

#[macro_export]
macro_rules! my_macro {
    () => { println!("hi"); }
}

$ cat something.rs
#![feature(macro_rules)]
mod macros;

fn main() {
    my_macro!();
}

$ rustc something.rs
$ ./something
hi

For future reference,

$ rustc -v
rustc 0.13.0-dev (2790505c1 2014-11-03 14:17:26 +0000)

回答3:

Adding #![macro_use] to the top of your file containing macros will cause all macros to be pulled into main.rs.

For example, let's assume this file is called node.rs:

#![macro_use]

macro_rules! test {
    () => { println!("Nuts"); }
}

macro_rules! best {
    () => { println!("Run"); }
}

pub fn fun_times() {
    println!("Is it really?");
}

Your main.rs would look sometime like the following:

mod node;  //We're using node.rs
mod toad;  //Also using toad.rs

fn main() {
    test!();
    best!();
    toad::a_thing();
}

Finally let's say you have a file called toad.rs that also requires these macros:

use node; //Notice this is 'use' not 'mod'

pub fn a_thing() {
  test!();

  node::fun_times();
}

Notice that once files are pulled into main.rs with mod, the rest of your files have access to them through the use keyword.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26731243/how-do-i-use-a-macro-across-module-files

标签

module

rust

rust-macros