Automatically read configuration values in Python

问题

I would like to read a configuration file in Python completely into a data structure without explicitly 'getting' each value. The reason for doing so is that I intend to modify these values programatically (for instance, I'll have a variable that says I want to modify [Foo] Bar = 1 to be [Foo] Bar = 2), with the intention of writing a new configuration file based on my changes.

At present, I'm reading all the values by hand:

parser = SafeConfigParser()
parser.read(cfgFile)
foo_bar1 = int(parser.get('Foo', 'Bar1'))
foo_bar2 = int(parser.get('Foo', 'Bar2'))

What I would love to have (didn't find much Google-wise) is a method to read them into a list, have them be identified easily so that I can pull that value out of the list and change it.

Essentially referencing it as (or similarly to):

config_values = parser.read(cfgFile)
foo_bar1      = config_values('Foo.bar1')

回答1:

import sys
from ConfigParser import SafeConfigParser

parser = SafeConfigParser()
parser.readfp(sys.stdin)

config = dict((section, dict((option, parser.get(section, option))
                             for option in parser.options(section)))
              for section in parser.sections())
print config

Input

[a]
b = 1
c = 2
[d]
e = 3

Output

{'a': {'c': '2', 'b': '1'}, 'd': {'e': '3'}}

回答2:

Sorry if I'm misunderstanding -- This really doesn't seem much different than what you have -- It seems like a very simple subclass would work:

class MyParser(SafeConfigParser):
    def __call__(self,path,type=int):
        return type(self.get(*path.split('.')))

and of course, you wouldn't actually need a subclass either. You could just put the stuff in __call__ into a separate function ...

回答3:

Are you running python 2.7?

There's a nifty way, I discovered a few months back, to parse the config file and setup a dictionary using dictionary comprehension.

config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
config.read('config.cfg')
# Create a dictionary of complete config file, {'section':{'option':'values'}, ...}
configDict = {section:{option:config.get(section,option) for option in config.options(section)} for section in config.sections()}

Although this way is harder to read, it take's up less space, and you don't have to explicitly state every variable that you want to get.

Note: This won't work on python 2.6 (*that I know of). I've written scripts in the past where I used this, and since I'm running 2.7 on Windows, somebody on a linux machine, running 2.6, will crash on the dictionary comprehension.

--Edit--

You will need to still manually change the data types of the values.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13309914/automatically-read-configuration-values-in-python

标签

python

configuration-files

python-2.6