问题
I'm new to OpenACC. I like it very much so far as I'm familiar with OpenMP.
I have 2 1080Ti cards each with 9GB and I've 128GB of RAM. I'm trying a very basic test to allocate an array, initialize it, then sum it up in parallel. This works for 8 GB but when I increase to 10 GB I get out-of-memory error. My understanding was that with unified memory of Pascal (which these card are) and CUDA 8, I could allocate an array larger than the GPU's memory and the hardware will page in and page out on demand.
Here's my full C code test :
$ cat firstAcc.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openacc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define GB 10
int main()
{
float *a;
size_t n = GB*1024*1024*1024/sizeof(float);
size_t s = n * sizeof(float);
a = (float *)malloc(s);
if (!a) { printf("Failed to malloc.\n"); return 1; }
printf("Initializing ... ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
a[i] = 0.1f;
}
printf("done\n");
float sum=0.0;
#pragma acc loop reduction (+:sum)
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
sum+=a[i];
}
printf("Sum is %f\n", sum);
free(a);
return 0;
}
As per the "Enable Unified Memory" section of this article I compile it with :
$ pgcc -acc -fast -ta=tesla:managed:cuda8 -Minfo firstAcc.c
main:
20, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop
28, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop containing reductions
Generated a prefetch instruction for the loop
I need to understand those messages but for now I don't think they are relevant. Then I run it :
$ ./a.out
malloc: call to cuMemAllocManaged returned error 2: Out of memory
Aborted (core dumped)
This works fine if I change GB to 8. I expected 10GB to work (despite the GPU card having 9GB) thanks to Pascal 1080Ti and CUDA 8.
Have I misunderstand, or what am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance.
$ pgcc -V
pgcc 17.4-0 64-bit target on x86-64 Linux -tp haswell
PGI Compilers and Tools
Copyright (c) 2017, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
$ cat /usr/local/cuda-8.0/version.txt
CUDA Version 8.0.61
回答1:
I believe a problem is here:
size_t n = GB*1024*1024*1024/sizeof(float);
when I compile that line of code with g++, I get a warning about integer overflow. For some reason the PGI compiler is not warning, but the same badness is occurring under the hood. After the declarations of s, and n, if I add a printout like this:
size_t n = GB*1024*1024*1024/sizeof(float);
size_t s = n * sizeof(float);
printf("n = %lu, s = %lu\n", n, s); // add this line
and compile with PGI 17.04, and run (on a P100, with 16GB) I get output like this:
$ pgcc -acc -fast -ta=tesla:managed:cuda8 -Minfo m1.c
main:
16, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop
22, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop containing reductions
Generated a prefetch instruction for the loop
$ ./a.out
n = 4611686017890516992, s = 18446744071562067968
malloc: call to cuMemAllocManaged returned error 2: Out of memory
Aborted
$
so it's evident that n and s are not what you intended.
We can fix this by marking all of those constants with ULL, and then things seem to work correctly for me:
$ cat m1.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openacc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define GB 20ULL
int main()
{
float *a;
size_t n = GB*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL/sizeof(float);
size_t s = n * sizeof(float);
printf("n = %lu, s = %lu\n", n, s);
a = (float *)malloc(s);
if (!a) { printf("Failed to malloc.\n"); return 1; }
printf("Initializing ... ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
a[i] = 0.1f;
}
printf("done\n");
double sum=0.0;
#pragma acc loop reduction (+:sum)
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
sum+=a[i];
}
printf("Sum is %f\n", sum);
free(a);
return 0;
}
$ pgcc -acc -fast -ta=tesla:managed:cuda8 -Minfo m1.c
main:
16, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop
22, Loop not fused: function call before adjacent loop
Generated vector simd code for the loop containing reductions
Generated a prefetch instruction for the loop
$ ./a.out
n = 5368709120, s = 21474836480
Initializing ... done
Sum is 536870920.000000
$
Note that I've made another change above as well. I changed the sum accumulation variable from float to double. This is necessary to preserve somewhat "sensible" results when doing a very large reduction across very small quantities.
And, as @MatColgrove pointed out in his answer, I missed a few other things as well.
回答2:
Besides what Bob mentioned, I made a few more fixes.
First, you're not actually generating an OpenACC compute region since you only have a "#pragma acc loop" directive. This should be "#pragma acc parallel loop". You can see this in the compiler feedback messages where it's only showing host code optimizations.
Second, the "i" index should be declared as a "long". Otherwise, you'll overflow the index.
Finally, you need to add "cc60" to your target accelerator options to tell the compiler to target a Pascal based GPU.
% cat mi.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openacc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define GB 20ULL
int main()
{
float *a;
size_t n = GB*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL/sizeof(float);
size_t s = n * sizeof(float);
printf("n = %lu, s = %lu\n", n, s);
a = (float *)malloc(s);
if (!a) { printf("Failed to malloc.\n"); return 1; }
printf("Initializing ... ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
a[i] = 0.1f;
}
printf("done\n");
double sum=0.0;
#pragma acc parallel loop reduction (+:sum)
for (long i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
sum+=a[i];
}
printf("Sum is %f\n", sum);
free(a);
return 0;
}
% pgcc -fast -acc -ta=tesla:managed,cuda8.0,cc60 -Minfo=accel mi.c
main:
21, Accelerator kernel generated
Generating Tesla code
21, Generating reduction(+:sum)
22, #pragma acc loop gang, vector(128) /* blockIdx.x threadIdx.x */
21, Generating implicit copyin(a[:5368709120])
% ./a.out
n = 5368709120, s = 21474836480
Initializing ... done
Sum is 536870920.000000
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43746493/ta-teslamanagedcuda8-but-cumemallocmanaged-returned-error-2-out-of-memory