问题
I have a PowerShell script to backup a database. But today it has stoped working with next error:
Backup-SqlDatabase : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as
the name of a cmdlet, function, script file,
or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was
included, verify that the path is correct and
try again.
I didn't change the script. What could be the reason for that?
UPDATE: Installed SqlServer module. Now I have next:
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
PS C:\Temp> import-module sqlserver -erroraction stop -verbose
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlserver.psd1'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'TypesToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.types.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'FormatsToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.format.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Populating RepositorySourceLocation property for module sqlserver.
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\SqlServer.psm1'.
VERBOSE: Exporting function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
PS C:\Temp> Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
Get-Command : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or
operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At line:1 char:1
+ Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (Backup-SqlDatabase:String) [Get-Command], CommandNotFoundException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand
UPDATE 2: Uninstalled SqlServer module, directory were removed. After that reinstalled it. Installation log:
PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Install-Module -Name SqlServer -Repository PSGallery -Verbose
VERBOSE: Repository details, Name = 'PSGallery', Location = 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'; IsTrusted
= 'False'; IsRegistered = 'True'.
VERBOSE: Using the provider 'PowerShellGet' for searching packages.
VERBOSE: Using the specified source names : 'PSGallery'.
VERBOSE: Getting the provider object for the PackageManagement Provider 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/' and PackageManagementProvider is
'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: Total package yield:'1' for the specified package 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Performing the operation "Install-Module" on target "Version '21.0.17224' of module 'SqlServer'".
Untrusted repository
You are installing the modules from an untrusted repository. If you trust this repository, change its
InstallationPolicy value by running the Set-PSRepository cmdlet. Are you sure you want to install the modules from
'PSGallery'?
[Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "N"): y
VERBOSE: The installation scope is specified to be 'AllUsers'.
VERBOSE: The specified module will be installed in 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'NuGet' and PackageManagementProvider is 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Downloading module 'SqlServer' with version '21.0.17224' from the repository
'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: InstallPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: DownloadPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148\SqlServer\SqlServer.nupkg',
uri='https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'
VERBOSE: Downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Hash for package 'SqlServer' does not match hash provided from the server.
VERBOSE: InstallPackageLocal' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: Catalog file 'SqlServer.cat' is not found in the contents of the module 'SqlServer' being installed.
VERBOSE: Valid authenticode signature found in the file 'SqlServer.psd1' for the module 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Module 'SqlServer' was installed successfully to path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\SqlServer\21.0.17224'.
Even after that Import-Module SqlServer -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose hasn't changed and Backup-SqlDatabase is still is not available. What could be the reason?
回答1:
That function is provided by the sqlps (old & busted) and sqlserver (current) modules. sqlps and older versions of sqlserver were provided by the SQL Server Management Studio installation, but sqlserver is now in the PowerShell Gallery. Assuming you have a current version of PowerShell/Windows Management Framework, you can install-module sqlserver (run in an Administrator PowerShell session) and get the latest version installed globally.
As to what happened to your script:
Possibility #1: You're using a very old version of PowerShell which doesn't auto-load modules and you're not explicitly importing the sqlserver or sqlps module into the session/script where you're calling this function. Solution: upgrade to a current release of PowerShell which does support auto-loading modules and/or explicitly import the proper module into your script/session with import-module.
Possibility #2: Someone uninstalled or moved the module that you're getting that function from, or it's not in your module search path. Solution: Check $PSModulePath and then look in each location for the module. Easiest would be to reinstall it in a global scope.
回答2:
You need to import the SQL Server PowerShell module to be able to access the cmdlets it contains:
Import-Module SQLPS -ErrorAction Stop
Run this code to see if the function is available to you or not:
Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
Here are the results from my machine:
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Cmdlet Backup-SqlDatabase 14.0 SQLPS
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49359773/backup-sqldatabase-is-not-recognized