I have written a small 16-bit assembly program that writes some values in some memory locations.Is there a way I can test it in 32-bit protected mode on Linux?
Yes, 16-bit code is supported in user processes in Linux. The system call to do it is called vm86() (there's a man page, but there's not much in it). It is, naturally, only works on x86 platforms (and 32-bit only).
If you want an example, the ELKS project has a complete tool for running ELKS 8086 binaries on Linux, which uses it:
https://github.com/lkundrak/dev86/tree/master/elksemu
Look for the run_elks() function. It's pretty straightforward.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7829058/how-to-run-16-bit-code-on-32-bit-linux