Is java.secure.random a sufficient choice for gambling industry?

问题

Java provides an cryptographically secure random number generator in the package java.secure.random.

Is it possible to use this number generator if I consider things like seeding and cyclic re-instantiation of the RNG? Or can I use the number generator 'as it is'?

Has anyone experience with this generator?

EDIT: the requirements are:

a) Be statistically independent

b) Be fairly distributed (within statistically expected bounds) over their range

c) Pass various recognized statistical tests

d) Be cryptographically strong.

回答1:

As others say, the secure RNG can have limited throughput. To mitigate this you can either stretch that secure randomness by seeding a CPRNG, or you can try to optimise your usage of the bitstream.

To shuffle a pack of cards, for example, you need only 226 bits, but a naive algorithm (calling nextInt(n) for each card) will likely use 1600 or 3200 bits, wasting 85% of your entropy and making you seven times more susceptible to delays.

For this situation I think the Doctor Jacques method would be appropriate.

To go with that, here's some performance analysis against progressively more costly entropy sources (also contains code):

Bit recycling for scaling random number generators

I would lean towards efficient usage rather than stretching, because I think it would be a lot easier to prove the fairness of an efficient consumer of a trustworthy entropy stream, than to prove the fairness of any drawing method with a well-seeded PRNG.

EDIT²: I don't really know Java, but I put this together:

public class MySecureRandom extends java.security.SecureRandom {
    private long m = 1;
    private long r = 0;

    @Override
    public final int nextInt(int n) {
        while (true) {
            if (m < 0x80000000L) {
                m <<= 32;
                r <<= 32;
                r += (long)next(32) - Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            }
            long q = m / n;
            if (r < n * q) {
                int x = (int)(r % n);
                m = q;
                r /= n;
                return x;
            }
            m -= n * q;
            r -= n * q;
        }
    }
}

This does away with the greedy default uniform [0,n-1] generator and replaces it with a modified Doctor Jacques version. Timing a card-shuffle range of values shows almost a 6x speed-up over the SecureRandom.nextInt(n).

My previous version of this code (only 2x speed-up) assumed that SecureRandom.next(b) was efficient, but it turns out that call was discarding entropy and dragging the whole loop down. This version manages its own chunking.

回答2:

Documentation about SecureRandom says it may block waiting for the system to generate more entropy (for instance, in Linux it takes random numbers from /dev/random), so if you are going to use it, maybe you will need some help from hardware: install random number generator card (a hardware device that generates real random numbers, not pseudo-random ones) this way your system will generate random numbers with enough speed so your program doesn't get blocked.

回答3:

You can use java.security.SecureRandom as you can use java.util.Random for such things.

Only be aware that java.security.SecureRandom can depend on some entropy from the computer running the program. If you get to many random values from it then it may block until enough entropy is generated by the computer (e.g. on linux java.security.SecureRandom is using /dev/urandom).

So if you want to generate many random values and can life with a PRNG use java.util.Random.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17746768/is-java-secure-random-a-sufficient-choice-for-gambling-industry

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java

algorithm

random

prng