spring boot rest 接口集成 spring security(2) - JWT配置

Spring Boot 集成教程

在教程 [spring boot rest 接口集成 spring security(1) - 最简配置] 里介绍了最简集成spring security的过程，本文将继续介绍spring boot项目中集成spring security以及配置jwt的过程。

如果不了解jwt，可以参考5分钟搞懂：JWT(Json Web Token)。

项目内容

本文将通过创建一个实际的spring boot项目来演示spring security及jwt的配置过程，项目主要内容：

集成spring security；
配置jwt；
加载用户信息；
实现几个接口，配置访问权限；
最后通过Postman测试接口；

要求

JDK1.8或更新版本
Eclipse开发环境

如没有开发环境，可参考前面章节 [spring boot 开发环境搭建（Eclipse）]。

项目创建

创建spring boot项目

打开Eclipse，创建spring boot的spring starter project项目，选择菜单：File > New > Project ...，弹出对话框，选择：Spring Boot > Spring Starter Project，在配置依赖时，勾选web, security，完成项目创建。

项目依赖

要使用jwt，引入jwt jar包

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>

项目配置

application.properties配置

## 服务器端口，如果不配置默认是8080端口
server.port=8096 

## jwt配置
#  签名密钥
jwt.secret=my_secret_2019
# jwt有效期（秒）
jwt.expiration=1800

代码实现

项目目录结构如下图，我们添加了几个类，下面将详细介绍。

spring security的配置：SecurityConfig.java

这是spring security的java配置类，几个主要的配置：

用户信息加载配置
权限不足处理配置
权限配置
jwt过滤器配置
其他如密码加密，CORS等配置

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity // 添加security过滤器
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) // 可以在controller方法上配置权限
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{
    
    // 加载用户信息
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService myUserDetailsService;
    
    // 权限不足错误信息处理，包含认证错误与鉴权错误处理
    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthError myAuthErrorHandler;
    
    // 密码明文加密方式配置
    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder myEncoder() {
      return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
    
    // jwt校验过滤器，从http头部Authorization字段读取token并校验
    @Bean
    public JwtAuthFilter myAuthFilter() throws Exception {
        return new JwtAuthFilter();
    }
    
    // 获取AuthenticationManager（认证管理器），可以在其他地方使用
    @Bean(name="authenticationManagerBean")
    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }
    
    // 认证用户时用户信息加载配置，注入myUserDetailsService
    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(myUserDetailsService);
    }
    
    // 配置http，包含权限配置
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http

        // 由于使用的是JWT，我们这里不需要csrf
        .csrf().disable()

        // 基于token，所以不需要session
        .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and()

        // 设置myUnauthorizedHandler处理认证失败、鉴权失败
        .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(myAuthErrorHandler).accessDeniedHandler(myAuthErrorHandler).and()

        // 设置权限
        .authorizeRequests()

        // 需要登录
        .antMatchers("/hello/hello1").authenticated()

         // 需要角色权限
        .antMatchers("/hello/hello2").hasRole("ADMIN")

        // 除上面外的所有请求全部放开
        .anyRequest().permitAll();

        // 添加JWT过滤器，JWT过滤器在用户名密码认证过滤器之前
        http.addFilterBefore(myAuthFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        // 禁用缓存
//      http.headers().cacheControl();  
    }
    
    // 配置跨源访问(CORS)
    @Bean
    CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", new CorsConfiguration().applyPermitDefaultValues());
        return source;
    }
}

用户信息及用户信息服务：AuthUser.java，AuthUserService.java

加载用户信息，需要用户信息类及用户信息服务类。AuthUser继承spring的UserDetails，必须重写UserDetails的一些标准接口。注意与实体类User区别。

public class AuthUser implements UserDetails {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2336372258701871345L;
    
    //用户实体类
    private User user;
    
    public AuthUser(User user) {
        this.setUser(user);
    }
    
    public static Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthoritiesByRole(String role) {
        Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new HashSet<GrantedAuthority>();
        
        List<String> roles = Arrays.asList(role.split(","));
        if (roles.contains("user")) {
            authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER")); 
        }
        if (roles.contains("admin")) {
            authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN")); 
        } 

        return authorities;
    }
    
    // 提供权限信息
    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {

        return getAuthoritiesByRole(getUser().getRole());
    }

    // 提供账号名称
    @Override
    public String getUsername() {
        return getUser().getMobile();
    }

    // 提供密码
    @Override
    public String getPassword() {
        return getUser().getPassword();
    }

    // 账号是否没过期，过期的用户无法认证
    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    // 账号是否没锁住，锁住的用户无法认证
    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
        return true;
    }

    // 密码是否没过期，密码过期的用户无法认证
    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    // 用户是否使能，未使能的用户无法认证
    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return true;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

}

AuthUserService继承UserDetailsService，重写了加载用户信息接口：

@Service
public class AuthUserService implements UserDetailsService {

    // 加载用户信息
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        
        // 此处应从数据库加载用户信息，为简便起见，直接创建一个用户
        // password的值：$2a$10$EmsokMb6Vkav7m61kY0PtO.ZCLe0h.uJqVAZW7YYBpSUxd/DMkZuG，
        // 是明文123456使用BCryptPasswordEncoder加密的值
        User user = new User(1l, "abc1", username, "$2a$10$EmsokMb6Vkav7m61kY0PtO.ZCLe0h.uJqVAZW7YYBpSUxd/DMkZuG", "user");
        AuthUser authUser = new AuthUser(user);
        
        return (UserDetails) authUser;
    }
}

认证失败、鉴权失败处理：JwtAuthError.java

当认证失败，系统会抛出认证失败异常，可以配置我们自己的认证失败处理类，同样鉴权失败也可以配置我们自己的失败处理类。

JwtAuthError继承AuthenticationEntryPoint（认证失败接口）、AccessDeniedHandler（鉴权失败接口），重写了这2个接口类的失败处理方法，其实JwtAuthError可以分为2个类，我们合二为一了。

@Component
public class JwtAuthError implements AuthenticationEntryPoint, AccessDeniedHandler {

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthError.class);

    // 认证失败处理，返回401 json数据
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request,
                         HttpServletResponse response,
                         AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
        
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write("{\"status\":401,\"message\":\"Unauthorized or invalid token\"}");
        
    }
    
    // 鉴权失败处理，返回403 json数据
    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException, ServletException {
        
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write("{\"status\":403,\"message\":\"Forbidden\"}");
    }
}

JWT过滤器

JWT过滤器每次请求应该只执行一次，所以继承OncePerRequestFilter，JWT过滤器的主要行为：

对于每次请求，从http头部Authorization字段中读取jwt
尝试解密jwt，如果正常解出，说明是合法用户
如果是合法用户，设置认证信息，认证通过

@Component
public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthFilter.class);

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;

    private String tokenHeader="Authorization";

    private String tokenPrefix="Bearer";

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response,
            FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        // 从http头部读取jwt
        String authHeader = request.getHeader(this.tokenHeader);
        if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith(tokenPrefix)) {
            
            final String authToken = authHeader.substring(tokenPrefix.length() + 1); // The part after "Bearer "
            String username = null, role = null;
            
            // 从jwt中解出账号与角色信息
            try {
                username = jwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authToken);
                role = jwtUtil.getClaimFromToken(authToken, "role", String.class);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.debug("异常详情", e);
                log.info("无效token");
            }
            
            // 如果jwt正确解出账号信息，说明是合法用户，设置认证信息，认证通过
            if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
                
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken auth = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                        username, null, AuthUser.getAuthoritiesByRole(role));
                
                // 把请求的信息设置到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken details对象里面，包括发请求的ip等
                auth.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
                
                // 设置认证信息
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);
                
            }
        }
            
        // 调用下一个过滤器
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

User实体类(model层)

User实体类对应于数据库中的User表（我们简化了，没有连数据库）

public class User {
    private Long id;

    private String nickname;

    private String mobile;

    private String password;

    private String role;

    public User(Long id, String nickname, String mobile, String password, String role) {
        this.id = id;
        this.nickname = nickname;
        this.mobile = mobile;
        this.password = password;
        this.role = role;
    }

    public User() {
        super();
    }
}

LoginRequest类(model层)

登录请求类，这个类将会接受并校验用户登录时输入的账号密码，关于输入校验，可以参考 [spring boot输入数据校验(validation)]

public class LoginRequest {
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginRequest.class);
    
    @NotNull(message="账号必须填")
    @Pattern(regexp = "^[1]([3][0-9]{1}|59|58|88|89)[0-9]{8}$", message="账号请输入11位手机号") // 手机号
    private String account;
    
    @NotNull(message="密码必须填")
    @Size(min=6, max=16, message="密码6~16位")
    private String password;
    
    private boolean rememberMe;
    
    public String getAccount() {
        return account;
    }
    public void setAccount(String account) {
        this.account = account;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public boolean isRememberMe() {
        return rememberMe;
    }
    public void setRememberMe(boolean rememberMe) {
        this.rememberMe = rememberMe;
    }
    
}

AuthController类(控制层)

AuthController类实现了2个REST API：

login - 用户提供账号密码，如果密码正确，返回token，否则返回账号或密码错误提示；
refresh 输入一个合法的旧token，返回新token

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth")
public class AuthController {
    
    @Autowired
    private AuthService authService;
    
    /**
     * login 
     * @param authRequest
     * @param bindingResult
     * @return ResponseEntity<Result> 
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces="application/json")
    public ResponseEntity<Result> login(@Valid @RequestBody LoginRequest authRequest, BindingResult bindingResult) throws AuthenticationException{
        
        if(bindingResult.hasErrors()) {         
            Result res = MiscUtil.getValidateError(bindingResult);
            return new ResponseEntity<Result>(res, HttpStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY);
        }
        
        final String token = authService.login(authRequest.getAccount(), authRequest.getPassword());
        
        // Return the token
        Result res = new Result(200, "ok");
        res.putData("token", token);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }
    
    /**
     * refresh 
     * @param request
     * @return ResponseEntity<Result> 
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/refresh", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
    public ResponseEntity<Result> refresh(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam String token) throws AuthenticationException{
        
        Result res = new Result(200, "ok");
        
        String refreshedToken = authService.refresh(token);
        
        if(refreshedToken == null) {
            res.setStatus(400);
            res.setMessage("无效token");
            return new ResponseEntity<Result>(res, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        } 
        
        
        res.putData("token", token);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
    }
    
}

HelloController类（控制层）

实现了3个REST API：

hello1
hello2
hello3

用于测试权限配置

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/hello1", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello1() {
            
        return "Hello1!";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/hello2", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello2() {
            
        return "Hello2!";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/hello3", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hello3() {
            
        return "Hello3!";
    }
}

AuthService接口与AuthServiceImpl实现类(服务层)

AuthService提供对AuthController的服务

AuthService.java

public interface AuthService {
    User register(User userToAdd);
    String login(String username, String password);
    String refresh(String oldToken);
}

AuthServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService {
    
    private static final org.slf4j.Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthServiceImpl.class);

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;

    @Autowired
    public AuthServiceImpl(
            AuthenticationManager authenticationManager,
            UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
            JwtUtil jwtUtil) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
        this.jwtUtil = jwtUtil;
    }

    @Override
    public User register(User userToAdd) {
        // TODO: 保存user到数据库
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String login(String username, String password) {
        // 认证用户，认证失败抛出异常，由JwtAuthError的commence类返回401
        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
        final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        
        // 如果认证通过，返回jwt
        final AuthUser userDetails = (AuthUser) userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
        final String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(userDetails.getUser());
        return token;
    }

    @Override
    public String refresh(String oldToken) {
        String newToken = null;
        
        try {
            newToken = jwtUtil.refreshToken(oldToken);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.debug("异常详情", e);
            log.info("无效token");
        }
        return newToken;
    }
}