unexplained 10%+ performance boost from simply adding a method argument (slimmer jit code)
问题 (note: proper answer must go beyond reproduction). After millions of invocations, quicksort1 is definitely faster than quicksort2, which have identical code aside from this 1 extra arg. The code is at the end of the post. Spoiler: I also found the jit code is fatter by 224 bytes even if it should be actually simpler (like the byte code size tells; see very last update below). Even after trying to factor out this effect with some microbenchmark harness (JMH), the performance difference is