问题 In real world, if you're writing ui tests for android project, after press 'Run' from Android Studio, it will assemble two apps: 'your.cool.app' and 'your.cool.app.test'. Test app will have in android manifest something like: <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" android:targetPackage="your.cool.app"/> Which actually will be mean, that if you install them both, your test app will be merged with a real one - all dependencies (third-party libs etc..) will be in