acid

Phantom Read anomaly in Oracle and PostgreSQL does not rollback transaction

懵懂的女人 提交于 2019-12-02 19:43:18
I noticed the following occurrence in both Oracle and PostgreSQL. Considering we have the following database schema: create table post ( id int8 not null, title varchar(255), version int4 not null, primary key (id)); create table post_comment ( id int8 not null, review varchar(255), version int4 not null, post_id int8, primary key (id)); alter table post_comment add constraint FKna4y825fdc5hw8aow65ijexm0 foreign key (post_id) references post; With the following data: insert into post (title, version, id) values ('Transactions', 0, 1); insert into post_comment (post_id, review, version, id)

MySQL InnoDB: Difference Between `FOR UPDATE` and `LOCK IN SHARE MODE`

谁说胖子不能爱 提交于 2019-12-02 17:14:36
What is the exact difference between the two locking read clauses: SELECT ... FOR UPDATE and SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE And why would you need to use one over the other? I have been trying to understand the difference between the two. I'll document what I have found in hopes it'll be useful to the next person. Both LOCK IN SHARE MODE and FOR UPDATE ensure no other transaction can update the rows that are selected. The difference between the two is in how they treat locks while reading data. LOCK IN SHARE MODE does not prevent another transaction from reading the same row that was locked.

面试必问:ACID/CAP

会有一股神秘感。 提交于 2019-12-02 14:51:57
转载: https://www.jdon.com/artichect/acid-cap.html ACID和CAP的详尽比较 事务机制ACID和CAP理论是数据管理和分布式系统中两个重要的概念,很不巧,这两个概念中都有相同的“C”代表 "Consistency" 一致性,但是实际上是完全不同的意义,下面是比较两个概念的不同之处。 什么是ACID? 事务的定义和实现一直随着数据管理的发展在演进,当计算机越来越强大,它们就能够被用来管理越来越多数据,最终,多个用户可以在一台计算机上共享数据,这就导致了一个问题,当一个用户修改了数据而另外一个还在使用旧数据进行计算过程中,这里就需要一些机制来保证这种情况不会发生。 ACID规则原来是在1970被Jim Gray定义,ACID事务解决了很多问题,但是仍然需要和性能做平衡协调,事务越强,性能可能越低,安全可靠性和高性能是一对矛盾。 一个事务是指对数据库状态进行改变的一系列操作变成一个单个序列逻辑元操作,数据库一般在启动时会提供事务机制,包括事务启动 停止 取消或回滚。 但是上述事务机制并不真的实现“事务”,一个真正事务应该遵循ACID属性,ACID事务才真正解决事务,包括并发用户访问同一个数据表记录的头疼问题。 ACID的定义: Atomic原子性: 一个事务的所有系列操作步骤被看成是一个动作,所有的步骤要么全部完成要么一个也不会完成

Are disk sector writes atomic?

只愿长相守 提交于 2019-12-02 14:08:21
Clarified Question: When the OS sends the command to write a sector to disk is it atomic? i.e. Write of new data succeeds fully or old data is left intact should the power fail immediately following the write command. I don't care about what happens in multiple sector writes - torn pages are acceptable. Old Question: Say you have old data X on disk, you write new data Y over it, and a tree falls on the power line during that write. With no fancy UPS or battery backed disk controller, you can end up with a torn page, where the data on disk is part X and part Y. Can you ever end up with a

Hive Merge command is not working in Spark HiveContext

随声附和 提交于 2019-12-02 09:28:21
I am running hive merge command using Spark HiveContext in 1.6.3 spark version, but it is failing with below error. 2017-09-11 18:30:33 Driver [INFO ] ParseDriver - Parse Completed 2017-09-11 18:30:34 Driver [INFO ] ParseDriver - Parsing command: MERGE INTO emp_with_orc AS T USING SOURCE_TABLE AS S ON T.id = S.id WHEN MATCHED AND (S.operation = 1) THEN UPDATE SET a = S.a,b = S.b WHEN MATCHED AND (S.operation = 2) THEN DELETE WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES (S.id, S.a, S.b) 2017-09-11 18:30:34 Driver [ERROR] HiveWriter - Error while executing the merge query. org.apache.spark.sql

What are some real world implications of non-ACID database compliance?

﹥>﹥吖頭↗ 提交于 2019-12-01 23:12:22
问题 Specifically is there some risk that data can be lost? I'm looking at running an intensive transaction processing system where it is critical that nothing be lost. Are there any examples of NoSQL being used in mission critical applications such as banking transaction processing? 回答1: Without being flippant, the absence of ACID means you get no guarantees of atomicity, consistency, isolation, or durability. Without atomicity, you get no guarantee that multiple actions that must either succeed

What are some real world implications of non-ACID database compliance?

狂风中的少年 提交于 2019-12-01 21:04:47
Specifically is there some risk that data can be lost? I'm looking at running an intensive transaction processing system where it is critical that nothing be lost. Are there any examples of NoSQL being used in mission critical applications such as banking transaction processing? Without being flippant, the absence of ACID means you get no guarantees of atomicity, consistency, isolation, or durability. Without atomicity, you get no guarantee that multiple actions that must either succeed or fail together do so. For instance, if your transactions require you to debit one account and credit

数据库 事务 ACID解释

生来就可爱ヽ(ⅴ<●) 提交于 2019-12-01 20:29:45
acid (数据库事务正确执行的四个基本要素的缩写) ACID,指数据库事务正确执行的四个基本要素的缩写。包含:原子性(Atomicity)、一致性(Consistency)、隔离性(Isolation)、持久性(Durability)。一个支持事务(Transaction)的数据库,必需要具有这四种特性,否则在事务过程(Transaction processing)当中无法保证数据的正确性,交易过程极可能达不到交易方的要求。 中文名 acid 原子性 整个事务中的所有操作 一致性 在事务开始之前和事务结束以后 隔离性 隔离状态执行事务 目录 1 原子性 2 一致性 3 隔离性 4 持久性 原子性 编辑 整个事务中的所有操作,要么全部完成,要么全部不完成,不可能停滞在中间某个环节。事务在执行过程中发生错误,会被 回滚 (Rollback)到事务开始前的状态,就像这个事务从来没有执行过一样。 一致性 编辑 一个事务可以封装状态改变(除非它是一个只读的)。事务必须始终保持系统处于一致的状态,不管在任何给定的时间 并发 事务有多少。 也就是说:如果事务是 并发 多个,系统也必须如同串行事务一样操作。其主要特征是保护性和不变性(Preserving an Invariant),以转账案例为例,假设有五个账户,每个账户余额是100元,那么五个账户总额是500元

数据库的ACID与隔离级别随笔

ぐ巨炮叔叔 提交于 2019-12-01 20:28:02
数据库中事务的四大特性(ACID) 如果一个数据库声称支持事务的操作,那么该数据库必须要具备以下四个特性: ⑴ 原子性(Atomicity)   原子性是指事务包含的所有操作要么全部成功,要么全部失败回滚,这和前面两篇博客介绍事务的功能是一样的概念,因此事务的操作如果成功就必须要完全应用到数据库,如果操作失败则不能对数据库有任何影响。 ⑵ 一致性(Consistency)   一致性是指事务必须使数据库从一个一致性状态变换到另一个一致性状态,也就是说一个事务执行之前和执行之后都必须处于一致性状态。   拿转账来说,假设用户A和用户B两者的钱加起来一共是5000,那么不管A和B之间如何转账,转几次账,事务结束后两个用户的钱相加起来应该还得是5000,这就是事务的一致性。 ⑶ 隔离性(Isolation)   隔离性是当多个用户并发访问数据库时,比如操作同一张表时,数据库为每一个用户开启的事务,不能被其他事务的操作所干扰,多个并发事务之间要相互隔离。   即要达到这么一种效果:对于任意两个并发的事务T1和T2,在事务T1看来,T2要么在T1开始之前就已经结束,要么在T1结束之后才开始,这样每个事务都感觉不到有其他事务在并发地执行。   关于事务的隔离性数据库提供了多种隔离级别,稍后会介绍到。 ⑷ 持久性(Durability)   持久性是指一个事务一旦被提交了

in sqlite3, can a select succeed within a transaction of insert?

那年仲夏 提交于 2019-12-01 16:18:00
I begin a transaction, which is to insert several records into a table. Can I select the latest inserted record out of the database before the transaction commit? Yes. Inside a transaction, your application sees everything. No other transaction, however, sees any part of the change. The point of a transaction is to make a sequence of statements appear to be one atomic change to the database. If you commit, all statements in the transaction are finalized, and everyone else can see the effects. If you rollback, no statement in the transaction is finalized, and no change occurs to the database.