Fatal error: iostream: No such file or directory in compiling C program using GCC

问题:

Why when I wan to compile the following multi thread merge sorting C program, I receive this error:

ap@sharifvm:~/forTHE04a$ gcc -g -Wall -o mer mer.c -lpthread mer.c:4:20: fatal error: iostream: No such file or directory  #include <iostream>                     ^ compilation terminated. ap@sharifvm:~/forTHE04a$ gcc -g -Wall -o mer mer.c -lpthread mer.c:4:22: fatal error: iostream.h: No such file or directory  #include <iostream.h>                       ^ compilation terminated. 

My program:

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std;  #define N 2  /* # of thread */  int a[] = {10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};  /* target array */  /* structure for array index  * used to keep low/high end of sub arrays  */ typedef struct Arr {     int low;     int high; } ArrayIndex;  void merge(int low, int high) {         int mid = (low+high)/2;         int left = low;         int right = mid+1;          int b[high-low+1];         int i, cur = 0;          while(left <= mid && right <= high) {                 if (a[left] > a[right])                         b[cur++] = a[right++];                 else                         b[cur++] = a[right++];         }          while(left <= mid) b[cur++] = a[left++];         while(right <= high) b[cur++] = a[left++];         for (i = 0; i < (high-low+1) ; i++) a[low+i] = b[i]; }  void * mergesort(void *a) {         ArrayIndex *pa = (ArrayIndex *)a;         int mid = (pa->low + pa->high)/2;          ArrayIndex aIndex[N];         pthread_t thread[N];          aIndex[0].low = pa->low;         aIndex[0].high = mid;          aIndex[1].low = mid+1;         aIndex[1].high = pa->high;          if (pa->low >= pa->high) return 0;          int i;         for(i = 0; i < N; i++) pthread_create(&thread[i], NULL, mergesort, &aIndex[i]);         for(i = 0; i < N; i++) pthread_join(thread[i], NULL);          merge(pa->low, pa->high);          //pthread_exit(NULL);         return 0; }  int main() {         ArrayIndex ai;         ai.low = 0;         ai.high = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])-1;         pthread_t thread;          pthread_create(&thread, NULL, mergesort, &ai);         pthread_join(thread, NULL);          int i;         for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) printf ("%d ", a[i]);         cout << endl;          return 0; } 

回答1:

Neither <iostream> nor <iostream.h> are standard C header files. Your code is meant to be C++, where <iostream> is a valid header. Use g++ (and a .cpp file extension) for C++ code.

However, this program uses mostly constructs that are available in C anyway. It's easy enough to convert the entire program to compile using a C compiler. Simply remove #include <iostream> and using namespace std;, and replace cout << endl; with putchar('\n');... I advise compiling using C99 (eg. gcc -std=c99)

回答2:

Seems like you posted a new question after you realized that you were dealing with a simpler problem related to size_t. I am glad that you did.

Anyways, You have a .c source file, and most of the code looks as per C standards, except that #include <iostream> and using namespace std;

C equivalent for the built-in functions of C++ standard #include<iostream> can be availed through #include<stdio.h>

1. Replace #include <iostream> with #include <stdio.h>, delete using namespace std;

2. With #include <iostream> taken off, you would need a C standard alternative for cout << endl;, which can be done by printf("\n"); or putchar('\n');
   Out of the two options, printf("\n"); works the faster as I observed.

   When used printf("\n"); in the code above in place of cout<<endl;

   $ time ./thread.exe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  real    0m0.031s user    0m0.030s sys     0m0.030s 

   When used putchar('\n'); in the code above in place of cout<<endl;

   $ time ./thread.exe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  real    0m0.047s user    0m0.030s sys     0m0.030s 

Compiled with Cygwin gcc (GCC) 4.8.3 version. results averaged over 10 samples. (Took me 15 mins)

文章来源: Fatal error: iostream: No such file or directory in compiling C program using GCC