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- 整数类型的无限范围及4种进制表示
- 浮点数类型的近似无限范围、小尾数及科学计数法
- +、-、*、/、//、%、**、二元增强赋值操作符
- abs()、divmod()、pow()、round()、max()、min()
- int()、float()、complex()
# DayDayUpQ3.py dayup = 1.0 dayfactor = 0.01 for i in range(365): if i % 7 in [6, 0]: dayup = dayup * (1 - dayfactor) else: dayup = dayup * (1 + dayfactor) print("工作日的力量：{:.2f} ".format(dayup)) # 工作日的力量：4.63 工作日的力量：4.63
def dayUP(df): dayup = 1 for i in range(365): if i % 7 in [6, 0]: dayup = dayup * (1 - 0.01) else: dayup = dayup * (1 + df) return dayup dayfactor = 0.01 while dayUP(dayfactor) < 37.78: dayfactor += 0.001 print("工作日的努力参数是：{:.3f} ".format(dayfactor)) # 工作日的努力参数是：0.019 工作日的努力参数是：0.019
- 正向递增序号、反向递减序号、[M:N:K]
- +、*、len()、str()、hex()、oct()、ord()、chr()
- .lower()、.upper()、.split()、.count()、.replace()
- .center()、.strip()、.join(）、.format()格式化
# TextProBarV1.py import time scale = 10 print("执行开始".center(scale // 2, "-")) start = time.perf_counter() for i in range(scale + 1): a = '*' * i b = '.' * (scale - i) c = (i / scale) * 100 dur = time.perf_counter() - start print("\r{:^3.0f}%[{}->{}]{:.2f}s".format(c, a, b, dur), end='') time.sleep(0.1) print("\n" + "执行结束".center(scale // 2, '-')) -执行开始 100%[**********->]1.02s -执行结束
- 单分支
if二分支if-else及紧凑形式 - 多分支
if-elif-else及条件之间关系 not and or > >= == <= < !=- 异常处理
try-except-else-finally
# CalBMIv3.py height, weight = eval(input("请输入身高(米)和体重\(公斤)[逗号隔开]: ")) bmi = weight / pow(height, 2) print("BMI 数值为：{:.2f}".format(bmi)) who, nat = "", "" if bmi < 18.5: who, nat = "偏瘦", "偏瘦" elif 18.5 <= bmi < 24: who, nat = "正常", "正常" elif 24 <= bmi < 25: who, nat = "正常", "偏胖" elif 25 <= bmi < 28: who, nat = "偏胖", "偏胖" elif 28 <= bmi < 30: who, nat = "偏胖", "肥胖" else: who, nat = "肥胖", "肥胖" print("BMI 指标为:国际'{0}', 国内'{1}'".format(who, nat)) 请输入身高(米)和体重\(公斤)[逗号隔开]: 1.8,70 BMI 数值为：21.60 BMI 指标为:国际'正常', 国内'正常'
for…in遍历循环：计数、字符串、列表、文件…while无限循环continue和break保留字：退出当前循环层次- 循环else的高级用法：与
break有关
# CalPiV2.py from random import random from time import perf_counter DARTS = 1000 * 1000 hits = 0.0 start = perf_counter() for i in range(1, DARTS + 1): x, y = random(), random() dist = pow(x**2 + y**2, 0.5) if dist <= 1.0: hits = hits + 1 pi = 4 * (hits / DARTS) print("圆周率值是: {}".format(pi)) print("运行时间是: {:.5f}s".format(perf_counter() - start)) 圆周率值是: 3.141364 运行时间是: 0.71023s
- 模块化设计：松耦合、紧耦合
- 函数递归的2个特征：基例和链条
- 函数递归的实现：函数 + 分支结构