Docker1 架构原理及简单使用

霸气de小男生 提交于 2019-11-30 13:26:18

一、简单介绍

  前面已经介绍,可以使用Docker Hub公共仓库,但是大多数情况企业都需要创建一个本地仓库供自己使用。这里介绍几种搭建私库的方法

  私库的好处有几点

    1、节约带宽

    2、可以自己定制系统

    3、更加安全

二、我知道的几种方法

  1、利用官方提供的工具docker-registry来配置私库

    官方提供的镜像,注意这个工具是个镜像,直接下载并使用registry镜像启动docker实例就可以了

  2、利用Harbor-Registry,来搭建私库

    Harbor是一个用于存储Docker镜像的企业级Registry服务

    

三、通过官方docker-registry来配置私库

  1、环境

    docker私库地址:192.168.216.51  web1

    docker服务器地址:192.168.216.52  web2,此节点使用私库服务器来pull/push镜像

  2、拓扑

    

    备注:这里docker hub 就是私库

       docker engine :前面原理篇有介绍 ,是docker架构中的运行引擎,同时也Docker运行的核心模块。它扮演Docker container存储仓库的角色,并且通过执行job的方式来操纵管理这些容器。

  3、安装docker私有仓库

    1)首先安装

      方式1

        也可以下载rpm包安装

          rpm包地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/

            这里下载的是docker-ce-cli-19.03.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

        为了解决依赖,配置本地源

          

[root@web2 yum.repos.d]# mv Centos-7.repo ./backup/
[root@web2 yum.repos.d]# ll 
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   27 Sep 23 14:56 backup
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Sep 23 14:32 bakcup
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   65 Sep 23 14:53 docker-rpm.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  664 Sep 23 12:54 epel-7.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  951 Sep 23 12:54 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Sep 23 12:54 epel-testing.repo
[root@web2 yum.repos.d]# cd /root/docker-rpm/[root@web2 docker-rpm]# createrepo ./

       yum install docker-ce  -y

          

      方式2

        配置阿里源,epel源里面我这里没有docker,所以配置阿里源的docker源

        阿里源地址:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/

[root@web2 yum.repos.d]# cat docker-ce.repo 
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge]
name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-edge-source]
name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[root@web2 yum.repos.d]# 
View Code

        yum install dockre-ce -y

        

    2)开启防火墙

      systemctl start firewalld.service

 

    3)开启私有仓库服务端

        systemctl start docker

      systemctl enable docker

    确保两台几点都安装了docker,并启动

  4、私有仓库服务器拉取或load  registry

    方法1、直接拉取

      

[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# docker pull registry
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/registry ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/registry
Digest: sha256:8004747f1e8cd820a148fb7499d71a76d45ff66bac6a29129bfdbfdc0154d146
Status: Image is up to date for docker.io/registry:latest
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# docker images
REPOSITORY                          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
zxg/nginx1                          latest              3babdf3c6c6d        2 weeks ago         546 MB
zxg/centos_nginx                    v1                  7c6604cacec1        4 weeks ago         698 MB
docker.io/atlassian/jira-software   latest              c4b90dede4f3        5 weeks ago         624 MB
zxg/my_nginx                        v1                  b164f4c07c64        8 weeks ago         126 MB
zxg/my_nginx                        latest              f07837869dfc        8 weeks ago         126 MB
docker.io/nginx                     latest              e445ab08b2be        2 months ago        126 MB
docker.io/alpine                    latest              b7b28af77ffe        2 months ago        5.58 MB
docker.io/centos                    latest              9f38484d220f        6 months ago        202 MB
docker.io/registry                  latest              f32a97de94e1        6 months ago        25.8 MB
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# 

    方法2、下载registry.tar包,然后导入即可、

      docker load -i registry.tar

   5、私库服务器随便拉取一个镜像,并且打好标签

docker pull busyboxdocker tag docker.io/busybox:latest 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox:latest

     打好标签就是下面标红的行

[root@web1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
zxg/nginx1                          latest              3babdf3c6c6d        2 weeks ago         546 MB
192.168.216.51:5000/busybox         latest              19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
busybox                             v1                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
docker.io/busybox                   latest              19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
zxg/centos_nginx                    v1                  7c6604cacec1        4 weeks ago         698 MB

 

  

  6、修改配置文件,指定私库url

    需要安装docker-common,检查一下有没有安装

[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# rpm -qf /etc/sysconfig/docker
docker-common-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# 

    配置文件添加--insecure-registry 192.168.216.51:5000

[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/sysconfig/docker
# /etc/sysconfig/docker
#
# Modify these options if you want to change the way the docker daemon runs
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --insecure-registry 192.168.216.51:5000'
if [ -z "${DOCKER_CERT_PATH}" ]; then
    DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/etc/dockerd
fi

  7、重启docker

    

[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart docker

  8、启动私有仓库,使用registry镜像运行一个docker就可以了

[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry registry###-v 指定本地持久路径
27d56aa54e167c26c76e25136b247072883aa29dde247f20c45f97fafedb650b
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
27d56aa54e16        registry            "/entrypoint.sh /e..."   About a minute ago   Up 58 seconds       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   frosty_ptolemy
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# netstat -antlop |grep 5000
tcp6       0      0 :::5000                 :::*                    LISTEN      27767/docker-proxy-  off (0.00/0/0)
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# netstat -antup |grep 5000   
tcp6       0      0 :::5000                 :::*                    LISTEN      27767/docker-proxy- 
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# 
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# ls /opt/registry###目录已经自动创建

  9、本机上传镜像,成功后使用tree查看

docker push 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox
[root@web1 ~]#  tree /opt/registry/docker/registry/
/opt/registry/docker/registry/
└── v2
    ├── blobs
    │   └── sha256
    │       ├── 19
    │       │   └── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
    │       │       └── data
    │       ├── 7c
    │       │   └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
    │       │       └── data
    │       └── dd
    │           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
    │               └── data
    └── repositories
        └── busybox
            ├── _layers
            │   └── sha256
            │       ├── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
            │       │   └── link
            │       └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
            │           └── link
            ├── _manifests
            │   ├── revisions
            │   │   └── sha256
            │   │       └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
            │   │           └── link
            │   └── tags
            │       └── latest
            │           ├── current
            │           │   └── link
            │           └── index
            │               └── sha256
            │                   └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
            │                       └── link
            └── _uploads

26 directories, 8 files
[root@web1 ~]# 

  10、使用52节点下载busybox镜像

    我这里已经装好docker,就不演示怎么安装docker,这里都是按照之前原理篇的安装方式,请见如下链接:

      安装docker请参考:Docker1 架构原理及简单使用

  

###修改配置文件添加"--insecure-registry不安全的注册"[root@web2 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/docker |grep 5000
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --insecure-registry 192.168.216.51:5000'
###拉取镜像[root@web2 ~]# docker pull 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox ... 
latest: Pulling from 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox
7c9d20b9b6cd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
Status: Downloaded newer image for 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox:latest
###查看镜像[root@web2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
192.168.216.51:5000/busybox   latest              19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB###运行实例-成功

[root@web2 ~]# docker run 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox echo "1111"
1111
[root@web2 ~]#

###创建镜像链接并命名[root@web2 ~]# docker tag 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox busybox:v1###删除镜像[root@web2 ~]# docker rmi 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox

  [root@web2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox v1 19485c79a9bb 3 weeks ago 1.22 MB

###运行新的实例

  

[root@web2 ~]# docker run busybox:v1 echo 222
222

  到这里已经完成了私库搭建方方法,不过应该在上传一个新版本测试:

[root@web2 ~]# docker tag busybox:v1 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox:v1
[root@web2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@web2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
192.168.216.51:5000/busybox   v1                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
busybox                       v1                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
[root@web2 ~]# docker push 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox
The push refers to a repository [192.168.216.51:5000/busybox]
6c0ea40aef9d: Layer already exists 
v1: digest: sha256:dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808 size: 527
[root@web2 ~]# 

  11、回到51节点测试查看有没有新的版本上传上来

    在51节点,上用tree命令查看,可以看到v1版本

[root@web1 ~]# tree /opt/registry/docker/registry/
/opt/registry/docker/registry/
└── v2
    ├── blobs
    │   └── sha256
    │       ├── 19
    │       │   └── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
    │       │       └── data
    │       ├── 7c
    │       │   └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
    │       │       └── data
    │       └── dd
    │           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
    │               └── data
    └── repositories
        └── busybox
            ├── _layers
            │   └── sha256
            │       ├── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
            │       │   └── link
            │       └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
            │           └── link
            ├── _manifests
            │   ├── revisions
            │   │   └── sha256
            │   │       └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
            │   │           └── link
            │   └── tags
            │       ├── latest
            │       │   ├── current
            │       │   │   └── link
            │       │   └── index
            │       │       └── sha256
            │       │           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
            │       │               └── link
            │       └── v1
            │           ├── current
            │           │   └── link
            │           └── index
            │               └── sha256
            │                   └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
            │                       └── link
            └── _uploads

 

四、总结大家私有仓库的步骤

  配置前可以先把防火墙及selinux全部关闭

  

    1、安装docker

  2、修改配置文件两台节点一样,有两种方式:(注意!!!

    1)、添加参数到/etc/sysconfig/docker文件

    OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false --insecure-registry 192.168.216.51:5000'

    2)、还可以把这行添加到启动参数里,/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

    ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --insecure-registry 192.168.216.51:5000

   注意:新版本已经没有/etc/sysconfig/docker配置文件了,所以可以统一放到启动参数/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

  3、拉取registry镜像

  4、运行registry镜像并映射5000端口

  5、打标签上传下载镜像完成

 五、带授权的registry

    注意:这里是创建密码认证,而不是证书的认证

  1、创建授权目录

     mkdir /auth

  2、使用registry镜像生成  htpasswd加密文件其中加密了密码

    创建用户名:zxg,密码123456,并加密

docker run --entrypoint htpasswd registry -Bbn zxg 123456 >/auth/htpasswd

     可以看到密码123456已经加密了

[root@web1 auth]# cat htpasswd 
zxg:$2y$05$qCY7iWVJIoOrnIp17WQOf.fcXUTo5xm4DwP3a/8ggzZlEZ3bsnonm

    注释:

        --entrypoint :是docker的一种指令,用于给出容器启动后默认入口

  3、启动带参数的镜像

[root@web1 /]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry1 \> -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry> -v /auth:/auth > -e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" > -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM="Registry Realm" > -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd > registry
37f0ce01ea327e6cd62798e0df683d5d2a4317c3fd865c0f1e19b654f052fe66

  4、52节点创建busybox便签v2上传,先登陆,然后上传

[root@web2 ~]# docker login 192.168.216.51:5000
Username: zxg
Password: 
Login Succeeded
[root@web2 ~]# docker tag busybox:v2 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox:v2
busybox                       v2                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB

[root@web2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
192.168.216.51:5000/busybox   v1                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
192.168.216.51:5000/busybox   v2                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
busybox                       v1                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB
busybox                       v2                  19485c79a9bb        3 weeks ago         1.22 MB

[root@web2 ~]# docker  push 192.168.216.51:5000/busybox:v2
The push refers to a repository [192.168.216.51:5000/busybox]
6c0ea40aef9d: Pushed 
v2: digest: sha256:dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808 size: 527
[root@web2 ~]# 

   5、回到51上确认是否上传成功

[root@web1 auth]# tree /opt/registry/docker/registry/v2/
/opt/registry/docker/registry/v2/
├── blobs
│   └── sha256
│       ├── 19
│       │   └── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
│       │       └── data
│       ├── 7c
│       │   └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
│       │       └── data
│       └── dd
│           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
│               └── data
└── repositories
    └── busybox
        ├── _layers
        │   └── sha256
        │       ├── 19485c79a9bbdca205fce4f791efeaa2a103e23431434696cc54fdd939e9198d
        │       │   └── link
        │       └── 7c9d20b9b6cda1c58bc4f9d6c401386786f584437abbe87e58910f8a9a15386b
        │           └── link
        ├── _manifests
        │   ├── revisions
        │   │   └── sha256
        │   │       └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
        │   │           └── link
        │   └── tags
        │       ├── latest
        │       │   ├── current
        │       │   │   └── link
        │       │   └── index
        │       │       └── sha256
        │       │           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
        │       │               └── link
        │       ├── v1
        │       │   ├── current
        │       │   │   └── link
        │       │   └── index
        │       │       └── sha256
        │       │           └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
        │       │               └── link
        │       └── v2
        │           ├── current
        │           │   └── link
        │           └── index
        │               └── sha256
        │                   └── dd97a3fe6d721c5cf03abac0f50e2848dc583f7c4e41bf39102ceb42edfd1808
        │                       └── link
        └── _uploads

35 directories, 12 files

    可以看到已经有v2版本,成功,下一篇将介绍Harbor-Registry的方式。

 

 

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